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Shell habitus and COI mitochondrial gene sequences of one freshwater snail from Khios and three from Rhodes islands were analysed. Both methods confirmed assignment of these specimens to the genus Daphniola Radoman, 1973. Genetic distance between individuals from these two islands is surprisingly low, strongly suggesting that they belong to the same species, still undescribed. Comparison of COI sequences with other known species of this genus shows that the closest relative of the Khios and Rhodes populations is D. louisi Falniowski et Szarowska, 2000 from Attica. The results are discussed in the context of geological and climatic history of the Mediterranean.
The objective of this work was to determine nucleoprotein gene sequences and genetically characterise the rabies virus (RABV) isolates in order to know which virus group (biotype) is circulating in the raccoon dog population in Lithuania. For rabies virus phylogenetic characterisation, 16 RABV isolates from raccoon dogs were used. The isolates were selected according to different geographical location. A 400 bp region of the nucleoprotein gene was sequenced and analysed together with reference raccoon dog sequences of the RABV isolates from Estonia, Latvia, Russia, Poland, and other West European countries available in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates from different parts of Lithuania were closely related and belonged to RABV genotype 1 and showed significant bootstrap support inside North-Eastern Europe group of raccoon dog RABV. The phylogenetic relationships between Lithuanian raccoon dogs RABV isolates and those from neighbouring countries showed 97.7%- 99.5% identity. A close genetic relationship between the raccoon dog and fox rabies isolates from different regions of Lithuania (99.5%) was identified, suggesting that rabies viruses circulating in raccoon dogs and foxes in this region might have the same origin.
A total of 115 endospore-forming bacilli were taken for 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and clustered among 7 genera. In this paper, the most abundant thermophiles belonging to genus Anoxybacillus with its 53 isolates are presented. The Anoxybacillus species, some of which were producing biotechnologically valuable enzymes, mostly displayed amylolytic and glucosidic activities and the ability of carbohydrate degradation made them superior in number among the other bacilli in these extreme habitats. In comparative sequence analyses, similarities ranged from 91.1% to 99.9% between the isolates and the type strains. Isolates were clustered into eight phylogenetic lineages within the type strains of A. kamchatkensis, A. flavithermus, A. kamchatchensis subsp. asaccharedens, and A.salavatliensis. In addition, C161ab and A321 were proposed as novel species which displayed <97.0% similarities to their closest relatives. Moreover, their individual AluI, HaeIII, and TaqI ARDRA restriction patterns, ITS-, (GTG)₅-, and BOX-PCR fingerprintings generated 27, 28, 31, 35, 40, and 41 clusters, respectively. The twelve type strains and 35 of the isolates showed unique distinctive patterns from all the others at least in two of these analyses. These phenotypic and genomic characters allowed us to differentiate their genotypic diversity from the reference strains.
Ochna integerrima is a medicinal and ornamental plant, is widely distributed in Southeast Asia areas. In Vietnam, it has been ranked as the rare and endangered species due to its high demand trade of the beautiful species. In this study, total 21 Ochna samples, collected from the northern and southern areas, were used to characterize the morphological traits using morphological analyses and molecular tool. The results have revealed that the morphological characterization of flower and its quality of Yen Tu Ochna samples showed differences in comparison with the common Ochna and southern Ochna samples. To accurately distinguish genetic traits of the samples, we have sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (including ITS1, 5.8S) of 21 species. The results have disclosed the genetic correlations of the samples ranging from 96.25% to 100% among the studied Ochna samples, of which 5 samples include B1, B2, B3, B6 and N3.1 were divided into the separate groups. The current work is the first report in constructing a molecular database of Ochna for further assessment of inter-and intra-specific molecular diversity of Ochna species in Vietnam.
Cytochrome b is the central catalytic subunit of the quinol : cytochrome c oxidoreductase of complex III of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system and is essential to the viability of most eukaryotic cells. Partial cytochrome b gene sequences of 14 species representing mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians are presented here including some species typical for Poland. For the analysed species a comparative analysis of the natural variation in the gene was performed. This infor­mation has been used to discuss some aspects of gene sequence — protein function relationships. Review of relevant literature indicates that similar comparisons have been made only for basic mammalian species. Moreover, there is little information about the Polish-specific species. We observed that there is a strong non-random dis­tribution of nucleotides in the cytochrome b sequence in all tested species with the highest differences at the third codon position. This is also the codon position of the strongest compositional bias. Some tested species, representing distant systematic groups, showed unique base composition differing from the others. The quail, frog, python and elk prefer C over A in the light DNA strand. Species belonging to the ar- tiodactyls stand out from the remaining ones and contain fewer pyrimidines. The ob­served overall rate of amino acid identity is about 61%. The region covering Qo cen­ter as well as histidines 82 and 96 (heme ligands) are totally conserved in all tested species. Additionally, the applied method and the sequences can also be used for di­agnostic species identification by veterinary and conservation agencies.
Based on the analysis of the cytb gene of mtDNA the taxonomic position was determined of two closely related Bovidae species: American bison (Bison bison) and European bison (Bison bonasus). Reference sequences were determined for both species. In the American bison two variants of cytb gene were identified. Both of them are novel sequences, so far not published in GenBank. For comparison the reference sequences in four another representatives of Bovidae (Polish Red cattle, Zebu cattle, Merino sheep and Polish White Improved goat) were determined. Phylogenetic reconstructions were obtained by the neighbour-joining method (N-J) on all mutations and on changes with removed mutations In third position. Topology of phylogenetic trees showed that American bison and European bison form a separate nodes. The molecular data presented corroborate the results of earlier studies showing that although the two species in question are very closely related, their classification as subspecies is rather questionable. The fact that nodes for American as well as European bison show relatively high bootstrap scores supports this hypothesis.
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