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1

A variant of the double gallbladder. A possible cause of cholelithiasis?

100%

Papaziogas B., Lazaridis C., Paraskevas G., Koutelidakis J., Katsinelos P., Oikonomou B., Chatzimavroudis G., Grigoriou M., Atmatzidis K.

Folia Morphologica

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2005

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tom 64

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nr 3

Congenital duplication of the gallbladder is a rare anatomical malformation, which is usually discovered as an incidental finding during cholecystectomy. We report a case of a double gallbladder in a 45-year-old woman, which was discovered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. As it was not possible to identify the anatomical structures safely, the procedure was converted to open cholecystectomy. Inspection of the resected gallbladder showed that it consisted of 2 chambers with separate cystic ducts, which communicated through an ostium. Both chambers contained multiple gallstones. The inadequate drainage of the second chamber could be considered as a predisposing factor for the development of cholelithiasis in this case.

2

On a new myxosporean parasite (Myxozoa), Myxidium cholecysticum sp.n., from the freshwater fish Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842)

86%

Cordeiro N. S., Gioia I.

Acta Protozoologica

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1990

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tom 29

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nr 2

3

Ultrasonographic examination of gallbladder contractility in the sheep

86%

Romanski K. W., Siembieda J.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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1998

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tom 01

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nr 1

To develop a new animal model for gallbladder ultrasonography 16 adult sheep of both sexes were used. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed in fed or fasted sheep every 30 min for 3-5 h. Every gallbladder was visualized, then its maximal length, height and width were measured. Afterwards, the gallbladder volume was calculated with three methods. The maximal and minimal values of gallbladder volume in both fed and fasted animals differed significantly (p < 0.05) indicating the existence of gallbladder contractions detectable in both states examined. The results of gallbladder volumes calculated with various methods were also significantly different. The values obtained from the method describing the gallbladder as a cone were about 50% lower than that obtained from two ellipsoid methods. The validation study showed that the true value remained somewhere between the values obtained indirectly. This warrants further investigation, however.

4

Ultrastructure and development of Ceratomyxa protopsettae Fujita, 1923 [Myxosporea] in the gallbladder of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

86%

Cho J. B., Kwon S. R., Kim S. K., Nam Y. K., Kim K. H.

Acta Protozoologica

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2004

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tom 43

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nr 3

5

The rebound excitation triggered by anticholinergic drugs from ovine pyloric antrum, small bowel and gallbladder

86%

Romanski K. W.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2003

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tom 54

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nr 1

The effect of anticholinergic drugs on gastrointestinal motility is complex and incompletely recognized. Accordingly, in 6 adult sheep bipolar electrodes and strain gage force transducers were surgically attached to the antral, small intestinal and gallbladder wall at the serosal side. During chronic experiments the myoelectric and mechanical recordings were performed in fasted and non-fasted animals before and after various doses of hexamethonium, atropine and pirenzepine given intravenously. Hexamethonium administration triggered rebound excitation after an inhibitory period almost in all the recording sites. Administration of atropine and pirenzepine evoked these secondary contractions mostly in the small intestine and gallbladder. No rebounds were observed when the anticholinergic drugs were given during feeding. In fasted animals, rebound excitation arrived later but more frequently than in non-fasted animals. The excitatory changes were dose-dependent. In the gallbladder, these values were lower than in the small intestine. The frequency of the recurrent pattern was dependent upon the dose of the anticholinergic drug used. It is concluded that nicotinic receptors are more important than muscarinic receptors in the initiation of the rebound excitation in pyloric antrum while in the small bowel and gallbladder the role of both cholinergic receptors is similar. The anticholinergic drugs should be used with caution in all these clinical situations, where the enhancement of gastrointestinal motility must be avoided.

6

A new Myxosporean, Bipteria indica sp. n. [Myxospora: Sinuolineidae] from the Gall Bladder of the Striped Mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus

86%

Kalavati C., Anuradha I.

Acta Protozoologica

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1995

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tom 34

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nr 4

7

Tissue expression of S100 proteins in gallbladder mucosa of the patients with calculous cholecystitis

72%

Szmyt M., Kasprzak A., Malkowski W., Surdyk-Zasada J., Przybyszewska W., Siodla E., Seraszek-Jaros A., Jagielska J.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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2013

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tom 51

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nr 2

8

Sluggish gallbladder emptying and gastrointestinal transit after intake of common alcoholic beverages

72%

Kasicka-Jonderko A., Jonderko K., Gajek E., Piekielniak A., Zawislan R.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2014

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tom 65

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nr 1

9

Variability of spores of Ceratomyxa appendiculata Thelohan, 1892 [Myxozoa, Bivalvulida]

72%

Maillo-Bellon P. A.

Acta Protozoologica

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2009

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tom 48

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nr 1

35-39

10

A comparative LM and SEM study of the structure of the mucosal glands of the gallbladder in two species of canids: the dog and the Chinese raccoon dog

72%

Jackowiak H., Godynicki S.

Folia Morphologica

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2006

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tom 65

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nr 2

105-110

The studies were performed on the mucosa of the body of the gallbladder in the dog and Chinese raccoon dog, species belonging to the Canidae family. The mucosal glands in both species mostly have the form of alveolar or short tubular secretory units without excretory ducts and are situated in the middle part at the bottom of the crypts surrounded by folds of the mucosa. Sporadically we observed the mucous intraepithelial glands. The results of the light and scanning electron microscopic observations indicate interspecies differences in the density, type and size of secretory units and also their openings. In the raccoon dog the number of secretory units is 30 times greater than in the dog and the units are predominantly simple glands with small openings. In the dog mostly 2 or 3 secretory units with common wide openings were observed. The SEM images of the NaOH macerated mucosa of the gallbladders showed a connective tissue framework around the glands composed of flat lamina with an irregular pattern of fine collagen fibres and numerous fenestrations. The collagen network around the openings of the glands is more compact and provides mechanical support for the glands of the gallbladder.

11

Gallbladder interstitial Cajal-like cells and gallbladder contractility in patients with cholelithiasis: a prospective study

72%

Ding R., Wei J., Xu J.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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2019

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tom 57

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nr 2

12

Endogenous stages of Choleoeimeria baltrocki [Daszak et Ball, 1991] n.comb. infecting the gall bladder of gold skink, Eumeces schneiderii Daudin, 1802 from Egypt

72%

AbdeL-Baki A. A. S., El-Fayomi H. M., Sakran T., Abdel-Haleem H. M.

Acta Parasitologica

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2009

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tom 54

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nr 2

85-89

Examination of 98 gold skink, Eumeces schneiderii Daudin, 1802 from Alexandria and Marsa-matroh Governorates, Egypt revealed oocysts of Choleoeimeria baltrocki (Daszak et Ball, 1991) n. comb. in the gall bladder and faeces. The prevalence of the infection was 40.8%. Sporulated oocysts were found in the faeces and the gall bladder contents. Sporulated oocysts were tetrasporocystic, cylindrical, reaching a mean of 38.7 (36–42) × 19.9 (17–25) μm with bilayered smooth and colourless wall. The dizoic sporocysts were subspherical and measuring 10.8 (9.5–13) × 9.3 (8–10.5) μm with a large globular sporocyst residuum. Sporocyst wall was bilayered joined by meridional suture. Sporozoites were crescent-shaped, blunt at one end and slightly tapered at the other. Endogenous stages (meronts, gamonts, gametes and young oocysts) were confined to the gall bladder epithelium and the infected cells were hypertrophied. Based on the morphological features of the exogenous stages and endogenous development of the present parasite, its generic affiliation was revised and placed into the genus Choleoeimeria.

13

A new myxosporidian, Parazschokkella melanosticti gen. n., sp. n. parasitic in the gall bladder of the toad, Bufo melanostictus

72%

Kalavati C., Narasimhamurti C. C.

Acta Protozoologica

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1987

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tom 26

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nr 2

14

Evidence of interstitial Cajal-like cells in the human gallbladder

72%

Pasternak A., Gajda M., Gil K., Matyja A., Tomaszewski K. A., Walocha J. A., Kulig J., Thor P.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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2012

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tom 50

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nr 4

15

Polysaccharides and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression in gallbladder mucosa of young patients with gallstones as evaluated by spatial visualization and quantification

72%

Kasprzak A., Malkowski W., Helak-Lapaj C., Seraszek A., Kaczmarek E., Adamek A., Zabel M.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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2010

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tom 48

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nr 4

16

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Electrical activity of canine gallbladder

72%

Konturek J. W., Scott G. W., Kingma Y. J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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1991

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tom 42

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nr 1

Our aims were to describe the myoelectrical activity in the single very thin layer of muscle of the canine gallbladder. The study was performed on 22 freshly removed canine gallbladders. Electrical activity was studied by the single sucrose-gap method and contractility of the tissue was measured simultaneously using a force transducer. The strips (15x1 mm) from different regions of gallbladder (fundus, corpus, neck) were cut in longitudinal, circular and oblique axes. The sucrose-gap apparatus together with connecting tubes, solutions and electrodes were kept at 37°C and the initial tension applied to the tissue was set to 1 g. In 82.7% of recordings, spontaneous myoelectrical activity consisted of regular rhythmic changes in membrane potential similar to slow waves recorded in intestinal tissue. The overall mean frequency was 11.4 ± 5.2 (mean ±SD) cycles per min: 11.1 ± 4.4 cycles per min in fundus, 11.9 ± 6.2 cycles per min in corpus and 10.8 ± 3.8 cycles per min in the neck of the gallbladder. In 84.2% of cases electrical activity correlated with mechanical activity and preceded it. No significant differences were seen between the electrical patterns in strips with different orientations or from the different regions of the gallbladder.

17

Role of cholecystokinin in postprandial and vagally stimulated duodenal and gallbladder motility in dogs

72%

Thor P., Laskiewicz J., Maczka M., Konturek S. J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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1991

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tom 42

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nr 4

This study was designed to determine the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in postprandial motility pattern of the duodenum and gallbladder (GB) in conscious dogs provided with chronic duodenal electrodes for recording of myoelectric activity and GB fistulas for measurement of intraluminal pressure and volume of GB and to calculate the GB motility index (MI) and GB emptying rate. During naturally occuring activity front (phase III MMC) in the duodenum there was significant increase in the MI of GB accompanied by about 20-30% reduction in the GB volume. These changes in duodenal and GB motility pattern could be duplicated by i. v. motilin. Feeding abolished the appearence of spontaneous activity front in the duodenum and greatly increased motility of GB while reducing its volume. Administration of CCK receptor antagonists in fed dogs failed to affect the motility changes induced by meal in the duodenum but abolished these of the GB. Vagal cholinergic stimulation with insulin, 2DG or urecholine caused similar effects to that induced by food i. e. increased duodenal spike activity, abolished phase III of the MMC, decreased GB volume and increased GB motility. Pretreatment with CCK antagonists did not affect significantly duodenal spike activity or GB motility but significantly increased the GB volume. Atropine 125 µg/kg) blocked almost completely spontaneous activity front in the duodenum and accompanying alterations in the motiliti and volume of GB. We conclude that CCK contributes to the MMC related alterations in the GB motor activity and is essential in cholinergic stimulation induced of the GB emtying but not in vagally induced duodenal and GB motility.

18

Pancreatic heterotopia in the gallbladder: an incidental finding after cholecystectomy

72%

Sroczynski M., Sebastian M., Halon A., Rudnicki J., Sebastian A., Agrawal A. K., Piekarz P.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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2013

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tom 51

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nr 2

19

Gallbladder pressure changes induced by caerulein, pilocarpine and bile salts in calves measured by radiotelemetry

72%

Bobowiec R., Martelli F., Sighieri C., Borowicz P.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2000

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tom 03

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nr 3

Four calves were implanted a micro-radio-pressure capsule into their gallbladders in order to measure continuously pressure changes over 3 months. A special programme was designed to compute an electric signal on pressure value expressed in mm Hg. During fasting state, permanent rhythmic pressure changes were superimposed on a cyclic tonic increase in the gallbladder pressure. While rhythmic pressure changes at a frequency of 4,0 ± 0,7 cycles/10 min lasted usually 90,00 ± 7,00 s, the duration of tonic pressure changes was around 24,00 ± 2,90 min being repeated every 95,00 ± 7,00 min. After feeding, the rhythmic pressure changes exhibited a greater amplitude, and occasional long duration of a tonic increase in pressure was prolonged up to 110 min. Caerulein (1 Hg/kg) significantly increased tonic pressure changes. The most abundant response of the gallbladder was seen during the first 20 min of postinjection period, indicating direct actions on its musculature. When injecting pilocarpine (1 mg/kg) of cholinergic potency, the tonic response was more dilated and of a smaller amplitude, but rhythmic pressure changes were distinct. Infusion of 30 μM/min/20 min TCHNa (sodium taurocholate) induced a two phasic increase in gallbladder pressure lasting 35,90 ± 4,70 min. These data suggest that long duration of tonic pressure changes of the gallbladder are controlled by the hormonal, CCK dependent mechanism, but permanent rhythmic pressure changes are influenced by vagal stimulation. It also appears that bile salts can modulate pressure changes of gallbladder, especially trihyd- roksy-derivatives in the form of TCHNa, but the mechanism by which bile salts exert a contractile effect remains to be elucidated.

20

Ultrastructural study of Sphaeromyxa balbianii, Thelohan 1892 [Myxozoa, Myxosporea: Bivalvulida], a parasite of Cepola macrophthalma, Linnaeus 1758

72%

Gracia M. P., Maillo P. A., Amigo J. P., Salvado H.

Acta Protozoologica

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1997

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tom 36

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nr 3

Ograniczanie wyników

A variant of the double gallbladder. A possible cause of cholelithiasis?

On a new myxosporean parasite (Myxozoa), Myxidium cholecysticum sp.n., from the freshwater fish Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842)

Ultrasonographic examination of gallbladder contractility in the sheep

Ultrastructure and development of Ceratomyxa protopsettae Fujita, 1923 [Myxosporea] in the gallbladder of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

The rebound excitation triggered by anticholinergic drugs from ovine pyloric antrum, small bowel and gallbladder

A new Myxosporean, Bipteria indica sp. n. [Myxospora: Sinuolineidae] from the Gall Bladder of the Striped Mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus

Tissue expression of S100 proteins in gallbladder mucosa of the patients with calculous cholecystitis

Sluggish gallbladder emptying and gastrointestinal transit after intake of common alcoholic beverages

Variability of spores of Ceratomyxa appendiculata Thelohan, 1892 [Myxozoa, Bivalvulida]

A comparative LM and SEM study of the structure of the mucosal glands of the gallbladder in two species of canids: the dog and the Chinese raccoon dog

Gallbladder interstitial Cajal-like cells and gallbladder contractility in patients with cholelithiasis: a prospective study

Endogenous stages of Choleoeimeria baltrocki [Daszak et Ball, 1991] n.comb. infecting the gall bladder of gold skink, Eumeces schneiderii Daudin, 1802 from Egypt