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The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of selected sociological factors related to the readiness for hypothetical financing the most important public functions of forest and forest management (WTP, willingness to pay). In direct surveys carried out in August 2008 by the nationwide research center on representative random sample of 500 residents of Warsaw we used the contingent valuation method (CVM) format of questions with a debit card. The result of determining the values of forest and forest management public benefits with the CVM method (set of values WTP>0 [PLN/year/household]) was analyzed via logistic regression, in which a dependency between the fact of declaring the value WTP>0 (1 – WTP>0 declaration, 0 – WTP=0 declaration) and the selected groups of explanatory variables was assessed. The division of explanatory variables into groups resulted from the survey structure and content of questions, related to different aspects of leisure related forest management. The significance of variables in analyzed regression models was investigated with the maximum likelihood method using Wald's chi−square statistic for the 3rd type analysis. Wald's confidence intervals were designated for regression coefficients in exponential scale, and in order to facilitate the interpretation of results, odds ratios were determined. The logistic regression was performed in SAS 9.3 program with the LOGISTIC procedure. The probability of WTP>0 declaration increased among respondents, who indicated: a) peace and quiet as elements which decide of tourist attractiveness of forests; b) car parks as missing elements; c) that they do not feel well in forests with unsightly tree stand; and d) that they relax better in forests where there are shelters, benches, and roofings.
The objective of the study was to present the social and economic conditions needed for provision of public forest functions by the State Forests National Forest Holding (PGL LP) managing the great majority of forests of the national property in Poland. The analysis was restricted to the selected protection functions (water and soil protection, protection of air and wildlife) and to the social functions (recreational and educational). Based on the analysis of four social factors (increasing social awareness, demographic changes in Poland, growing wealth of Polish society and social preferences towards forest functions) and three economic factors (increasing costs of forest management including labour costs and decreasing productive capacities of forestry), a number of conditions decisive for further directions of public sphere development in forestry as well as mutual relations between two main areas of PGL LP activities (timber production function and the most important non−timber forest and forest management functions) were developed. The obtained results indicate that in the nearest decades the PGL LP will implement forest management close to the limits of economic efficiency, which first of all will depend on the social factors. Necessary conditions will be interlinked with political expectations towards the forests as an important element of climate policy and also towards timber from forests as a source of renewable energy. Presented factors will occur in conditions of further diversification of competency in the field of nature protection within forests as well as persisting tendency towards diminishing area of productive forests. Resolving the conflict between multiple unfavourable for the forest economy social, political and environmental circumstances could come through economic solutions such as development of internal timber market and increasing timber prices.
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