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The tripartite associations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), rhizobia and legumes play a vital role in preserving and even restoring fertility of poor and eroded soils. The present study attempted to quantify relationship between legumes and symbiotic microorganisms (rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi) by describing the mycorrhizal status and the occurrence of nodualtion of legumes growing in different areas of Jazan. The effect of legume species on soil microbial biomass was also investigated. Mycorrhizal and nodulation intensity varied greatly between legume species. The higher number of nodules (14 nodules per plant) and mycorrhization intensity (54%) were registered in root of Argyrolobium arabicum. Rhizosphere soils of all legume species harbored higher AMF fungal spores than bulk soils. Our results suggest also a significant effect of legumes species on soil microbial biomass. Thus, legume species investigated in this study are potentially useful for replanting and soil protection of most degraded regions of Saudi Arabia.
One of a possible way to reduce chemical control of weeds are mycoherbicides. In 2008 and 2009 the research was carried out on the occurrence of weed diseases growing on selected sites of meadows in Warta valley and in Poznań (fallows, weeded lawns). On weeds powdery mildews and rusts occurred commonly. Powdery mildews were found on plants belonging to families of Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Convolvulaceae, Lamiaceae, Urticaceae, Poaceae, whilst rusts symptoms occurred on Senecio vulgaris and Cirsium arvense. Other disease symptoms – leaf and stem spot, black leg, root rot were also observed. Fungi of genus Alternaria, Fusarium, Cercospora, as well as nonsporulating colonies, were isolated from infected leaves. Spots on stems, stem bases and root rots were caused by Fusarium sp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
In Poland, cultivars belonging to three species of Tagetes are grown: T. erecta, T. patula, T. tenuifolia. Presented studies were conducted in 2015 in two localities of the Lublin region. Those studies included cultivars of Tagetes spp.: T. erecta (cv. ‘Alaska’, ‘Hawaii’, ‘Mann Im Mond’), T. patula (cv. ‘Bolero’ and ‘Carmen’) and T. tenuifolia (cv. ‘Lemon Gem’ and ‘Lulu’). Six weeks after the sowing and in flowering stage of analyzed marigold cultivars, the plants healthiness was assessed. The mean values of the disease index ranged from 16.25 to 29.0. The main cause of root infection at the seedling stage proved to be the species of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani. Proportion of plants with disease symptoms in flowering stage ranged from 1.25 to 5.5%. Regardless of the place of cultivation, species: A. alternata, F. culmorum and F. equiseti were the most often isolated from diseased plants in the flowering stage. Studies on the susceptibility of analyzed cultivars of marigold to infection by Fusarium culmorum, F. equiseti and F. sporotrichioides were conducted in a growth chamber. Significantly, the lowest value of the disease index of cultivar ‘Bolero’ (T. patula) allows to accept that cultivar as the least susceptible to infestation by Fusarium spp. under conditions of controlled temperature and humidity.
The subject of the study was the analysis of fungal communities occurring in yellow iris phyllosphere and their effect on leaf healthiness. Fungi occurring on yellow iris caused various discolorations, spots and necroses which resulted in diminishing ornamental value of plants. From affected leaves of yellow iris following species of fungi were most often isolated: Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum purpurascens, Paecilomyces farinosus, Phoma medicaginis v. pinodella, Phoma pseudacori, Penicillium verrucosum v. corymbiferum, Phialophora cyclaminis, and Sordaria fimicola.
The presence of pathogenic fungi at each stage of plant development may cause a reduction in grain quality and significant losses in yield. The aim of the presented study was to compare the population of the most commonly pathogens causing diseases of stem base of wheat in two important wheat-growing regions: in the Wielkopolska Province and the Warmia-Mazury Province. The material designed for investigating was collected in 2007–2008 and came from randomly chosen locations, most of which were individual farmlands. In order to identify pathogens, fragments of plants were taken (stem base) with symptoms of infestation by pathogenic fungi. Among the isolates obtained 66% constituted fungi of the genus Fusarium. But dominant pathogen in Wielkopolska was Rhizoctonia cerealis. Differences were found in populations of fungi on stem base of wheat in the explored areas.
Badano występowanie Phytophthora spp. w 3 rzekach środkowej Polski. Badania prowadzono od marca do listopada w odstępie 2 miesięcy stosując do wykrywania liście różanecznika (Rhododendron sp.). Miarą liczebności Phytophthora spp. w wodzie była liczba nekrotycznych plam na liściach pułapkowych. Phytophthora spp. wykrywano we wszystkich terminach pułapkowania z liczniejszym występowaniem w maju i we wrześniu. Izolaty P. citricola z kanału, zbiornika i rzeki Ner kolonizowały liście olszy przy czym proces ten przebiegał szybciej, gdy do inokulacji użyto kultury uzyskane w marcu. Izolaty P. citricola z rzeki Ner okazały się chorobotwórcze dla olszy, topoli, różanecznika i wierzby. Badany izolat kolonizował je ok. 3 mm na dobę.
Surveying of coniferous plants in the years 2010–2011 showed the occurrence of necrotic lesions on shoot tips on about 0.5 to 9% of Lawson cypress, juniper, microbiota and thuja. The disease dominated on thuja shoots. Isolates of Pestalotiopsis funerea from juniper and thuja colonised stem parts of different species and cultivars of both plants. Significant differences in susceptibility of juniper and thuja to P. funerea were noticed. Isolates of the species from ericaceous plants caused shoot necrosis of heather and 6 species of coniferous plants. The disease spread, about 2 times faster on heather plants than on juniper and thuja. The trial with P. funerea growth in relation to temperature showed that 20–25°C is an optimal temperature for pathogen development.
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