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Hand fruit thinning was performed for four successive years on 'Gala' apple trees grafted on dwarf P 2 rootstock and planted at a density of 3333 trees/ha. Trees were 5 years old when the experiment started. Three thinning treatments were done with the assumption that apples at harvest should be medium sized (8 fruits per kg), large (7 fruits per kg), or very large (6 fruits per kg). To obtain such results, 84; 74 or 63 fruitlets were left per tree in the beginning of June. Two other treatments included thinning fruitlets with any defects, and no thinning in the control. To avoid subse­quent effects of fruit load on blooming intensity, each year new trees were chosen for the experiment. The results indicated that with tree aging fruit load must be decreased to assure the same mean fruit weight.
The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station near Krakow in 2008 and 2009. The objects of the experiment were twelve-year-old pear trees cv. 'Confer­ence'. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of three commercial preparations, containing two forms of the auxin NAA and the cytokinin BA, on the fruit set, total yield, fruit weight and the firmness, acidity and soluble solids content of the flesh. Treatments were carried out when fruitlets were 12 mm in diameter. Control trees were not treated. All the combinations used decreased fruit set and total yield, but increased fruit weight. The applied preparations had no clear effect on the acidity and soluble solids content of the fruit juice. None of the treatments affected fruit firmness, acidity and soluble solids content of the fruit juice after harvest and after storage.
The aim of carried out research was comparing the effect of different pruning time on cropping and fruit quality of several early ripening plum cultivars. The experiment was conducted at Fruit Experimental Station – Samotwór near Wrocław in 2001–2004. Objects of studies consisted of 8 year-old plum trees of ‘Herman’, ‘Čačanska Rana’, ‘Sanctus Hubertus’ and ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ cultivars budded on ‘Myrobalan’ seedlings (Prunus divaricata). The experiment was established in a randomised block design in three replications with six trees per plot. In 2001–2003, time of tree pruning was differentiated. Half of trees was pruned only at the end of August (summer pruning after harvest of fruit) and the other one only at the end of March (dormant pruning before blooming time). Time of pruning had no influence on yielding and chemical composition of fruit. Soluble solids, vitamin C, magnesium, calcium, potassium and phosphorus contents in fruit were similar independently of pruning time. Mean fruit weight was significantly higher from trees with dormant pruning.
The aim of the present study was to estimate the relationship between the crop load, number of fruits produced per unit of trunk cross-sectional area (TCA), the average fruit weight and the yield of 'Jonagold' apple trees. The trees apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Jonagold') grafted on P 60 rootstock were planted at 3.5 x 1.25 m spacing. In order to achieve a high diversity of fruit load, light (L) as well as heavy (H) thinning were applied. The fruitlets were not thinned in the control (Control) trees. The yield and average fruit weight depended on the applied thinning. The correlation coefficient between crop density (CD) and yield was positive, whereas that between CD and average fruit weight was negative. The mean fruit weight was influenced not only by the number of fruit per unit of trunk cross- sectional area but also by the age of a tree.
The experiment of the additional blow of bushes of 8 cultivars of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) was conducted in 1995–1997 in Pulawy, Poland. The artificial wind blow generated by the vacuum cleaner fan was used. The additional blow of free-pollinated and isolated bushes did not caused better pollination of flowers and did not have any positive effect on the weight of 100 fruits, the yield structure or the number of seeds per fruit.
Recent years have been marked with a more common use of mineral fertilizers comprising marine algal extracts in horticultural production. Seaweed extracts are reported to possess, among others, biostimmulatory potential that improves yield growth and its quality as well as promotes plant resistance to adverse environmental agents. The marine alga processing technologies facilitate the extraction of active substances valuable for plant crops as stimulants for a number of plant physiological processes. The substances can be incorporated into both, soil or foliar applied fertilizers. The present research objective was to assess the influence of N Pro technology and Seactiv complex based on marine algal extracts on apple tree ‘Szampion’ growth, yield quantity and quality. The experimental material comprised ‘Szampion’ apple trees grafted on M.26 stock, the trees were aged 10 years at the experiment onset. The study aimed at evaluation of growth, yield quantity and quality of ‘Szampion’ apple trees fertilized according to two following programs. The measurements performed showed that introduction of the fertilization programs based on marine algal extracts had significant effect on total yield, one fruit weight, firmness and sugar extract content in apple tree ‘Szampion’ fruits. It was found that the N Pro technology and Seactiv complex had significantly beneficial influence on the percentage of big fruits, i.e. above 7.5 cm diameter and marketable yield in each experimental year. Cropping efficiency coefficient (CEC) of ‘Szampion’ apple trees fertilized according to N Pro technology and Seactiv base was significantly higher compared to control solely in 2008, in the other research years the differences were insignificant. The fertilization program based on marine algal extracts had positive influence on the ‘Szampion’ apple tree`s annual increments and each year the trees under N Pro and Seactive complex fertilization technology produced higher increments as against control; the differences in the last research year were significant. The N Pro technology and Seactiv base had positive impact on ‘Szampion’ apple tree leaf surface area, significant influence was observed in the second and third research year.
Japanese plum trees of the cultivars 'Kometa', 'Najdiena', 'Skoroplodnaja' and 'Shiro' grafted on Wangenheim Prune seedlings, were planted in the spring of 2006 at the Fruit Experimental Station in Samotwor near Wroc law, Poland. As the control, trees of the 'Amers' cultivar, which belong to European plums, were used. All trees were planted at a spacing of 4.0 x 2.0 m (1250 trees per hectare). The experiment was established in a randomized block design, in four replications, with 5 trees per plot. In 2006-2009, records of vegetative growth, abundance of blooming, yield, and fruit weight were taken. The first significant yield was achieved in the third year after planting. In 2008­2009 trees of 'Shiro' had an abundant yield (48.5 kg •tree-1). 'Shiro' produced a sig­nificantly higher yield compared to other cultivars. There were no significant differ­ences between 'Amers' (27.3 kg •tree-1) and the Japanese plum cultivars 'Kometa' (29.2 kg-tree-1) and 'Skoroplodnaja' (21.5 kg •tree-1). Japanese plum fruits were sig­nificantly smaller compared to the European ones. The cultivar 'Amers' had the heaviest fruit (53 g). The Japanese plum trees had smaller fruits, and among the them, the cultivar 'Shiro' had the largest fruit (44 g). The observations showed that 'Shiro' produced higher yields, gave large fruits, and had intensive blooming, but the growth of the trees was very strong.
The soilless culture of vegetables in greenhouse has increased in Turkey. In recent years, bunch tomato has grown in soilless culture. However, bacterial cancer, virus (TMV, TYLVC) andTutaabsulta are limited tomato growing soilless culture as well. For this reason, others vegetables such as eggplant and pepper can be alternative crop for soilless culture. The aim of the research is determination of growing media such as cocopeat, split mushroom compost, perlite, volcanic tuff and sawdust on yield and fruit quality of eggplant. Our results suggest that mushroom compost and cocopeat media improve eggplant fruit quality more than other growing media.
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