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There is inadequate information in the case of rootstock application in pomegra­nate. In this study, propagation of pomegranate was investigated using bench grafting. The experiment was conducted as factorial in the framework of CRD design with three replications. The rootstocks were Rb R2 and R3 and the scions included 'Gorj-e- Dadashi' (Si) and 'Gorj-e-Shahvar' (S2). At the end of experiment, successful callus formation at graft union, bud take percentage (BT), bud take stem length, internodes length and shoot fresh and dry weight were measured. The results indicated that roots- tock influenced all measured characters including bud take and consequently the highest and lowest BT were obtained in Ri and R3, respectively. The interaction be­tween rootstock/scion indicated the highest BT in R3Si and R2S2.
Within the EU project ISAFRUIT (www.isqfruit.org) a Crop Adapted Application System (CASA) was developed to ensure precise, efficient and safe spray application in orchards, according to actual needs of the crop and with respect to the environment. The CASA system consists of three sub-systems: (i) Crop Health Sensor (CHS) iden­tifying heath status of fruit crops, (ii) Crop Identification System (CIS) identifying the tree canopy size and density, (iii) Environmentally Dependent Application System (EDAS) identifying environmental circumstances during spray applications. In order to protect sensitive areas within the orchards surroundings (e.g. surface water, melio­ration wells, public sites) the spray application parameters such as droplet size and air flow velocity need to be carefully adjusted taking into account wind direction and velocity as well as position of sprayer in relation to these areas. On EDAS sprayer wind velocity and direction is measured with an ultrasonic anemometer, and sprayer position is determined by GPS. Nozzles are altered automatically depending on wind situation to adjust droplet size according to drift risk level. A novel fan construction allows the supporting airflow to the left and right hand sections of the sprayer to be adjusted independently. This adjustment is done automatically depending on the wind situation and sprayer position.
An efficient protocol was developed for in vitro mass propagation of the commercial cultivar Musa acuminata cv. Dwarf Cavendish through shoot apices culture. Shoot apices with 2-3 pairs of leaf primordia were induced from sliced rhizome explants on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 6.0 mg/l BA, 150 mg/l Ads and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Multiple shoots were induced from meristematic domes on the same medium. Addition of 1.0-1.5 mg/l IAA to the culture medium and incubation in continuous light (24 h) increased the yield of multiple shoots. The high multiplication coefficient was maintained stable up to the 5th subculture; thereafter it declined. Rooting was readily achieved upon transferring the shoots onto half-strength MS medium supplemented with 500 mg/l activated charcoal and 2% (w/v) sucrose. Micropropagated plantlets were hardened in a polyethylene house and successfully established in soil. There was no morphological variation among the micropropagated plants.
Sour cherry is one of the most important fruit crops in Poland and cultivar is an important factor in its cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a commercial family orchard in a year characterized by a warm and wet spring and also by a very hot and dry summer. Fruit yields harvested from well fertilized 19-years old ‘Kelleris 16’, ‘Nefris’ and ‘Łutówka’ trees grafted on Mahaleb cherry and protected against pests using integrated plant protection system were medium high and of good quality, however productivity index of a tree was low. The fruits attained high weight and diameter and contained big amounts of sugars, vit. C, anthocyanins and flavonoids and medium amount of phenolic acids. Among anthocyanins the most important were cyanidin 3-glucosyl-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside. Antioxidant activity of fruits measured as percent of DPPH inhibition was high and similar among compared cultivars. Łutówka was the most productive cultivar of medium leaf and fruit size and with fruits of highest vit. C and flavonoids content and lowest total sugars and monosaccharides content. The least productive cultivar was Nefris, though its fruits were the biggest and contained dry matter, soluble solids, anthocyanins and phenolic acids in the highest amounts of all and vit. C at the lowest level of all. Kelleris 16 was the medium productive cultivar characterized by widest leaf blades and smallest fruits. Content of total sugars and monosaccharides in its fruits was the highest and content of anthocyanins and phenolic acids was the lowest. Residues of dodine and thiacloprid determined in the fruits immediately after harvest were much lower than the permissible residue maximum level.
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