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One of the characteristic features of forestry work is its seasonality. Most of forestry work comprises simple activities not requiring any special preparation from the workers who do it. However, the current state of forest technology makes it possible to perform many operations, using machines and technical equipment. In Poland, the type of work that is used most often is manual work. It is still relatively cheap and available. Most of the companies providing services for forest management departments just use this simplest form of performing tasks and hire so-called seasonal employees to perform them. Thanks to this solution, the costs of keeping employees in the event there is a seasonal fall in demand for their services, is eliminated. The principal purpose of the research undertaken is to propose technological and organizational solutions that would diminish the impact of natural seasonality of forestry work on the level and structure of employment in the forestry service companies. The initial analyses show that by increasing the degree of work mechanization the demand for employees performing tasks in a forest management department may be reduced even by several tens of persons per month.
Purpose of the work: Mountainous areas, with altitude over 700 m, intense relief and slopes between 16–20%, cover 43% of Greece and they are usually characterized by low population density and long-term unemployment. The Greeks have a dependent connection among environment, economy and society as the history illustrates. Many of Greece’s historic, cultural landscapes and native ecosystems have been degraded or isolated over the years. There is scientific evidence that Greece’s natural/semi-natural forested areas cannot be sustained without watersheds, ridges and other natural corridors that connect its native landscapes and ecosystems. Logging systems are really ancient by using often only mules or horses. The aim of the work is to estimate how harvesting systems should be technologically upgraded improving forest work and social wellness maintaining at the same time ecological sustainability. Approach: The study area is held at Samarina region, a mountainous area of Northern Pindos in Greece. Social data were collected with questionnaires and local visits for better understanding of human resources for forest authorities and other administrative information’s. DTM, Forest Inventory data and other GIS data have been derived by paper maps and previous studies. A registration of road-net and human resources within the protected area of Valia Kyrna and their contribution as factors for the sustainable development was used.The development of a Spatial Decision Support System that can concern all the conditions that are need in order to make an estimation of the optimal way of harvest a stand is really a challenge. Expected results: A GIS program is a powerful decision support tool in order to give the opportunity to the offices of Forestry to choose the optimal way of harvesting a stand and also to realize visually the effect’s of such a kind of work; that is going to be held to the inhabitants and to the tourists of the area. Conclusion: The potential of social and ecological factors is examined as it concerns the promotion of the protected area within sustainable rural development. Advantages of registration in the form of a spatial tool, especially when many types of information participate, are presented.
The purpose of this study was to determine models of labor consumption characteristics at the work station of a power chain saw operator in the following timber harvesting technologies: with horse skidding, using the Multi FKS winch, and using the NIAB 5-15 processor. The mean level of labor consumption was 22.66 min/m3. Six equations of a multiple regression were approximated. The coefficient of determination varied from 0.4 to 0.6, and this indicated a good fitting. The factors affecting the labor consumption level were as follows: characteristics of the harvested timber, thinning intensity indexes, and elements of the workday structure. The variation of thinning intensity indexes, determined on the basis of tabular data, was used to determine intervals of timber harvesting labor consumption according to stand age classes (degrees of difficulty) 30 and 40 years.
Adoption of a definite technology of timber harvesting is connected with achievement of management aims and creates health hazard for machine operators. The purpose of this study was to determine a model of analysis of selected ergonomic aspects on the basis of probabilistic modeling. A model description of physical factors of work environment is presented in this paper. It permits to determine the state of danger for operators during timber harvesting processes of different technological and organizational levels. The analyses showed that the presented model of ergonomic analysis, based on approximations of the probability function and probability measure, permits to make the estimate of many criteria of danger for operators.
The aim of the study was to state differentiation of unit cost chosen forest works (artificial regeneration, reforestation, overplanting, replanting, wood harvesting, wood extraction, forest protection against wildlife) in different forest districts as well as define factors influencing on unit costs variableness. Another purpose was to state dynamic of the change investigated unit cost in period 2006-2009 and indicate the reasons influencing on their instability. Important factors conditioning unit costs of analyzed forest works are: altitude above sea level, orographical conditions influencing on the work difficulty and the site type of the forest. Regional Directorate of States Forests in Krosno is very good object to examined variableness and conditioning factors of unit costs, because it consists of low, highland and mountain units.
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