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1

Leaf litter decomposition along the temperate - tropical transect (East China): the influence of stand succession, litter quality and climate

100%
Song X.-Z., Jiang H., Peng C.-H., Zhou G.-M., Chang S. X., Yu S.-Q., Ma Y.-D., Peng S.-L., Wei X.-H.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2012
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tom 60
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nr 2
The relationship between litter decomposition and forest succession in addition to the influence of climate variables on the rate of litter decomposition in forest ecosystems are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of forest successional stages, climate, and litter quality on litter decomposition rates were investigated in five sites located in China. The selected sites cover 29 degrees of latitude from 18° N to 47° N and spans more than 5,000 km in length along a temperature gradient that transverses across eastern China. This zonal gradient includes five climate zones from temperate to subtropical to tropical zones. Forest types include broad-leaved Korean pine, deciduous broad-leaved, evergreen broad-leaved, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved, and tropical rain forests. The North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) is one of fifteen international standard transects setup by Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE). NSTEC is a key component of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). The litterbag method was used in this study to determine mass loss and annual decomposition rates of eight tree species (Pinus massoniana Lamb., Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., Schima superba Gardn. et Champ., Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl., Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst., C. gracilis (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng et T. Hong, Michelia chapensis Dandy, and Castanopsis eyeri (Champ.) Tutch. Through a timeframe starting in May, 2006, and ending in May, 2008. Litterbags 15 x15 cm and 0.5 x 1.0 mm mesh were filled with 10 g of leaf litter collected from the subtropical forest region and then placed onto the forest floor in triplicate samples for each eight species in all five sites. Three litterbags per species were retrieved from each of the five sites at two month intervals during the two year experimental period. Results suggest that species litter in the climax stage (C. glauca, C. gracilis, and M. chapensis) tended to decompose faster than those in the pioneer stage (P. massoniana and C. lanceolata). Initial phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations of leaf litter were the most critical variables of litter quality in relation to the impact on the rate of litter decomposition. Litter decomposition at different successional stages was found to be directly related to climatic variables such as mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT). MAP and initial P and N concentrations could therefore be considered good indicators of rates of decomposition.
2

Secondary forest succession in abandoned glades of the Pieniny National Park

100%
Bodziarczyk J., Michalcewicz J., Szwagrzyk J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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1999
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tom 47
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nr 2
3

Genetic diversity in relation to secondary succession of forest tree communities

80%
Wehenkel C., Corral-Rivas J. J., Hernandez-Diaz J. C.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2011
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tom 59
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nr 1
Forest succession is a fundamental ecological process, which has significant implications for the biological, biophysical, and biogeochemical processes in an ecosystem. Genetic diversity is not only a product of the number of species present in a given area, but also of successional change from colonization of gaps by pioneer species to mature climax forest. Genetic diversity should be higher in earlier successional stages than in later stages because high environmental predictability in later successional stages favours low genetic diversity. In the present study the relationship between secondary succession and genetic diversity was explored in eight stands of characteristic tree communities in the Thuringian forest area (Germany). Each of the eight stands was subdivided into six plots in a grid of 40 x 40 m to detect as much as possible tree species and genetic variants within the forest tree community and successionspecific structures. To define secondary succession, the mean Ellenberg indicator values for light and nitrogen in the herb layer, weighted for coverage, as well as the percentage of climax tree species in naturally regenerated stands were used. All species and genotype diversities based on the investigated tree species were calculated by the so-called Hill numbers. The results showed that the Gregorius´s Covariation (C) of secondary succession with the transspecific genotype diversity as well as the transspecific genotype diversity per species for the enzyme systems AAT, HEK, PGI, MDH, IDH as well as the AFLP trait was statistically significant in several relationships. The transspecific genotype diversities were often significantly greater in the earlier successional stages than in the later stages. Selection effects during replacement of light and nitrogen demanding species and plant communities by more economical and competitive species such as Abies alba Mill. and Fagus sylvatica L. probably dominated in the study. Based on the results of the study, we conclude that genetic diversity may be an essential attribute of stages of secondary succession that should be further explored because of its relation to adaptability and ecological stability.
4

An investigation of forest succession in Bieszczady Mountains using a computer model

80%
Kozak I., Menszutkin V.
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
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2000
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tom 42
5

Odtwarzanie się roślinności runa we wtórnych lasach olszowych powstałych na gruntach porolnych w południowo-zachodniej Polsce

61%
Orczewska A.
Acta Botanica Silesiaca
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2010
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tom 05
The paper is a review and it focuses on the most important factors responsible for the process of colonization of recent, post-agricultural woods by woodland species. Furthermore, it presents the results of the studies on habitat conditions and on the pace of the colonization by woodland herbs of post-agricultural black alder woods in the Oleśnica Plain and Żmigród Valley. Migration of woodland species into recent woods is a combined result of dispersal and recruitment limitation. However, in alder woods the herb layer recovery proceeds faster than in forests with lower fertility and moisture content. An important condition for the effective formation of understory in alder woods is the direct proximity of ancient forests, the establishment of shady conditions and the maintenance or restoration of natural high water levels. A high groundwater level suppresses the negative impact of competitive species, which otherwise develop vigorously in drained, eutrophic woods with a high illumination level on their forest floor. A better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the biotic diversity of forests is possible due to the knowledge of their history, especially when we know the length of their existence in the landscape.
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