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1

Comparison of seed longevity for thirty forest, grassland and weed species of the Central European flora: results of a seed burial experiment

100%
Csontos P., Kalapos T., Tomas J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2016
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tom 64
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nr 3
We compared seed longevity of herbaceous species in three habitat types differing in stability. We hypothesized that seed longevity is the lowest for forest species (living in stable habitat), the highest for weeds, while species of xerothermic grasslands take an intermediate value. Ten species were selected from each of the three habitats with balanced representation of plant families among habitats. Seeds of the 30 species were deep buried at 65 cm depth, then replicates recovered after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 years, and germinated in an unheated greenhouse. Weeds expressed the highest germination rate (36.1% in average) exceeding forest (14.4%) and grassland species (10.2%) which did not differ significantly. The number of species with transient, short-term persistent and long-term persistent seed bank, respectively, was 1, 7 and 2 for grasslands; 1, 3 and 6 for forests; and 0, 1 and 9 for weeds. As expected, weeds possessed the highest seed longevity. Contrary to our assumption, low seed longevity was not the norm among forest understorey species, and seed longevity of xerothermic grassland species was not intermediate but the shortest one. Ecological background of differences between hypotheses and experimental results are discussed. First record on seed bank type is reported here for 12 species: Dianthus pontederae, Digitalis grandiflora, Ferula sadleriana, Hieracium sylvaticum, Inula ensifolia, Jurinea mollis, Lychnis coronaria, Saponaria officinalis, Scorzonera austriaca, Secale sylvestre, Stipa borysthenica, Verbascum lychnitis.
2

Ustawa o ochronie gruntow rolnych i lesnych

100%
Ralowska Z.
Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała
|
1995
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nr 07-08
15-16
3

The effect of some factors on the red heart formation in beech trees

100%
Racko V., Cunderlik I.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2012
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tom 79
4

Effects of forested strips on spider assemblages in adjacent cereal fields: dispersal activity of spiders

100%
Kajak A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
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tom 55
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nr 4
Spiders are important components of agricultural ecosystems as far as they affect markedly the abundance of crop pests. The objective of the study was to determine whether the planting of forested strips (shelterbelts) in agricultural area enhances the biomass of spiders active on soil surface of cereal fields and if the exchange of individuals between these habitats depends on the age of trees. The investigations were carried on in 2000 and repeated in 2003/2004 along transects across young shelterbelts (2–11 years old) – ecotones – fields. In the second period the 150 years old forest strip was included into the study. So altogether in both periods the study was performed in the strip-managed area in forested strips 2, 6, 7, 11, and 150 years old, adjacent cereal fields and in the control field located in a deforested area. The intensity of patrolling (number of individuals captured per trap per day) the soil surface by spiders was investigated using pitfall traps forming lines parallel to the shelterbelt. The results of both investigation periods show, that forested strips increased the biomass of patrolling spiders (BP – biomass of spiders per trap per day) in the fields. It was higher in the fields located in the strip-managed area than in the deforested area by ca 70%. The BP decreased gradually with the increasing distance from the strips. Differences between the strip and the field at a distance of 50m were significant (two-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey test). The reason for the higher BP in the fields adjacent to forested strips was mainly the dispersal of larger spiders from strips to adjacent fields. Dispersal is high between the very young strip and the field and low between the oldest strip and the field. The group of forestinhabiting species accounted for 0.3–0.5% of the total number of spiders in the field located in deforested area. In the fields adjacent to young shelterbelts this proportion increases with the strips age from 1 to 6%. But in the field bordering the oldest forest strip it is low again and accounted for 1.4%. In this field the proportion of agrobionts is almost as high (94%) as in the field located in deforested area (98%). Similarly the species diversity was very low there. The mean individual body mass of spiders from all the fields located in the strip-managed area was 2.7 times higher than in the control field (P <0.001). It can be concluded, that in the old forest strips the number of specific species, which don’t disperse to surroundings, increases. This conclusion may be important for landscape management.
5

Diversity of country parks timber vegetation in agricultural landscape of West Masurian District

80%
Sikorski P., Wysocki C.
Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Horticulture (Landscape Architecture)
|
2003
|
tom 24
6
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New records of Lobaria amplissima (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota) in Poland

80%
Zalewska A., Bohdan A.
Acta Mycologica
|
2012
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tom 47
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nr 1
The current knowledge on the occurrence of Lobaria amplissima, a very rare old-growth forest lichen in Poland, is discussed. Both previous and new localities are presented. The Białowieża Forest, from which L. amplissima is reported, is a refuge site of L. amplissima in the lowland forests of Central Europe. The most important data on the ecology and the general distribution of the species are given. Diagnostic characters related to the morphology, anatomy and chemistry of L. amplissima differentiating it from similar species are described.
7

Odtwarzanie się roślinności runa we wtórnych lasach olszowych powstałych na gruntach porolnych w południowo-zachodniej Polsce

61%
Orczewska A.
Acta Botanica Silesiaca
|
2010
|
tom 05
The paper is a review and it focuses on the most important factors responsible for the process of colonization of recent, post-agricultural woods by woodland species. Furthermore, it presents the results of the studies on habitat conditions and on the pace of the colonization by woodland herbs of post-agricultural black alder woods in the Oleśnica Plain and Żmigród Valley. Migration of woodland species into recent woods is a combined result of dispersal and recruitment limitation. However, in alder woods the herb layer recovery proceeds faster than in forests with lower fertility and moisture content. An important condition for the effective formation of understory in alder woods is the direct proximity of ancient forests, the establishment of shady conditions and the maintenance or restoration of natural high water levels. A high groundwater level suppresses the negative impact of competitive species, which otherwise develop vigorously in drained, eutrophic woods with a high illumination level on their forest floor. A better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the biotic diversity of forests is possible due to the knowledge of their history, especially when we know the length of their existence in the landscape.
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