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The essence of conducting a forest nursery production is high quality planting material. Its essential element is rational fertilization of plants grown and conscious use of available methods and fertilizer application. Studies on the effects of fertilization on the growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) can be used by foresters to properly choose the fertilizer needed to achieve the target of production. In the research foliar fertilization was applied, by the following means: “EM Naturally Active” (EM Naturalnie Aktywny – Greenland EM Technology) – liquid organic fertilizer with soil microorganisms, “Bioekor for conifers and ericaceous plants” (Bioekor dla iglaków i roślin wrzosowatych) – mineral foliar fertilizer in the form of a liquid concentrate trace elements and natural growth substances, “Ekolist standard” mineral foliar fertilizer in the form of a liquid concentrate. The study was conducted in 2009-2010 in the forest nursery situated in the Forest District Spychowo. Spruce seedlings transplanting was used. Experiments consisted of four objects repeated in four blocks. The fertilization was performed six times – 2009, and four – 2010. The measurements were performed three times. Annual growth of seedlings taken, from height of measurement was calculated. Analysis of the results obtained, did not show statistically significant differences for any of the applied methods of fertilization.
This article presents new technological and technical solutions for forest nursery, which were developed recently in Department of Forestry Mechanization at Agricultural University in Krakow and implemented in forest nursery. Fertilizer dispensers equipped with mechanism to mix, loosen, and initial soil thickening were made, in order to enrich the ground with mycorrhizal fungi, fertilization and presowing preparation of soil. Thick seeds spot seeding section of Agricola Italiana type PK seeder was modified in order to use in spot seeding, so now it can sow thick seeds like beech or fir and tiny seeds in double rows which make it a universal seeder to sowing forest trees seeds. Sections, up to 5, mounted on construction can spot sow seed perches in field conditions. In order to use in corridor, sowing field seeder arm was modified by extending it, so it was possible to mount sideways seeding units and tractor can be driven next to corridor. Electrical tool holder was constructed for spot seeding under cover, to which you can mount equipment for soil preparation (sowing fertilizer, mycorrhizal biopreparate dosage, loosing and rolling ground), spot seeder sowing sections or constructed saddle for performing weeding.
W pracy wykonano i sprawdzono działanie urządzenia do mikrofalowej dezynfekcji gleby dla eliminacji patogenicznych mikroorganizmów ją zasiedlających. W pracy przedstawiono założenia konstrukcyjne, sposób wykonania oraz wstępne wyniki badań urządzenia. Piasek słabogliniasty o wilgotności 10% i 40% został poddany działaniu promieniowania mikrofalowego emitowanego z przemieszczającej się nad nim anteny z prędkością 0,5 mm∙s-1. Maksymalna zmierzona temperatura 60,8°C dla wilgotności 10%, gleba o wilgotności 40% ogrzewała się słabiej - 53,9°C. Nagrzewanie gleby jest zależne od prędkości przemieszczania anteny. Aby dokonać dezynfekcji termicznej gleby stosując magnetron o mocy 700 W, prędkość przemieszczania zaprojektowanej anteny powinna być mniejsza od 0,5 mm∙s-1. Dzięki wynikom z badań prowadzonych przy pomocy tego urządzenia będzie możliwe oszacowanie całkowitej sprawności układowej urządzeń oraz dokonanie oceny aspektów ekonomicznych.
Modern forest selection programs concern natural and protected populations of trees characterized by a great genetic variability and also production stands frequently deformed by human activity. In the latter, artificial regeneration is prevailing. Forest nurseries working in the organizational structures of State Forests can guarantee the proper provenance (genotype)of seeds and the quality of seedlings obtained from them. The condition, however, is a close uniformity in the conservation of forest gene resources, and selection breeding of forest trees. The success of the program depends also on the development of modern infrastructure for forest nurseries and applied technologies. The latter task was the field of activity of Professor Bolesław Suszka, Ph.D., and his many-year research and organizational and didactic activity in Poland and abroad. The methods in long-term storage and their pretreatment in case of dormant seeds, developed by Professor Suszka, created the theoretical and practical basis for the conservation of forest gene resources not only in Poland.
DNA amplification was investigated in order to determine fungal species present in the Koronevka forest nursery (eastern part of Belarus). For this purpose, needles and roots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings as well as soil collected around roots were examined for ITS1– 5.8S RNA-ITS2 region sequences and compared with GenBank data. DNA analysis of seedlings microflora and soil samples allowed identification of twelve different species of fungi. Among these Cladosporium herbarum Link, Davidiella tassiana Crous and U. Braun, Alternaria alternata Nees and Cryptococcus pinus Vuill. were often found in symptomatic needles. Pathogenic fungal species were detected in 57% of shrunken needles. Examination of DNA extracted from seedling roots revealed occurrence of Wilcoxina mikolae Chin S. Yang and Korf, C. herbarum, and A. alternata. In soil samples there were identified fungi of the same species, with predominance of mycorrhizal fungus W. mikolae (in 100% of samples) and C. pinus (in 20% of samples). The results demonstrated usefulness of molecular markers for the detection and identification of fungi.
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