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In pot experiments carried out in 2005 and 2006, tolerance to sodium chloride salinity of 4 cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (‘Nira’, ‘Stadion’, ‘Ronija’, ‘Darius’) was studied. Three concentrations of NaCl in medium (earth + sand): 0.0 mM (control); 50 mM; 100 mM, were used in the investigations. In three successive crops of grass, fresh weight yield of leaves, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis intensity, content of chlorophyll and PS II maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) were determined. The obtained results showed that perennial ryegrass is a species tolerant to NaCl salinity. Among the studied cultivars, cv. ‘Ronija’ showed the highest tolerance, whereas cv. ‘Nira’ showed the lowest. The growth of perennial ryegrass plants under salinity conditions was limited by low stomatal conductance of leaves and photosynthesis, but not by the photosynthetic activity of chlorophyll and its contents.
New early potato cultivars were assessed in respect of their yield increase rate. Moreover, the morphological and physiological plant traits correlated with high level of yielding were determined. Two Polish cultivars (Gracja and Korona) and two foreign (Molly and Rosalind - German) cultivars were chosen to investigations. The field experiment was conducted in years 2003-2005 in split-plot arrangement and four replications. During growing period, every week after the end of plant emergence the above-ground part of plants and tuber yield were measured. The following indices were calculated: leaf area index (LAI), leaf stem ratio (LSR), specific leaf area (SLA). The final yield of tested cultivars was highly correlated with mass of leaves produced by plant and LAI index. The Korona cultivar was characterized by the highest yield and yielding stability. The tolerance of potato cultivars to cold stress during the first growing period may be higher in case of the local cultivars than in case of the foreign ones but this thesis needs the further studies on larger number of cultivars to be confirmed.
The objective of these studies was to compare the productivity and nutritive value of fruits of five foreign genotypes of crambe (Crambe abyssinica), grown in Poland. Of the five genotypes compared, highest yields of fruits, protein and fat were given by the variety Prophet and the cultivar BGRC 34311. Erucic acid content of seed oil was in the range of 58.91-62.02%, depending on genotype. The content of glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and goitrin, in fruits of crambe varieties and cultivars (0.09-0.13 and 0.505-0.520, respectively) was highly variable.
In this research, we examined some of the physical (fruit dimensions, geometric mean diameter sphericity and surface area) and mechanical (puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness) properties on the four different domestic (Şebin, Kaman, Bilecik and Yalova-3) and two different foreign (Chandler and Fernor) walnut (Juglans regia) varieties. For this purpose, we applied puncture force on the walnuts at the direction of width orientation (x–x), length orientation (y–y) and suture orientation (z-z). According to obtained results, there are significant differences among the walnut varieties for crustacean walnut weight and walnut weight. The maximum and minimum values of crustacean walnut weight were observed as 18.27 g and 10.98 g for Kaman and Chandler, respectively. In addition to these results, Bilecik has a maximum walnut weight – 8.71 g, while the minimum walnut weight was observed for Yalova-3 – 4.57 g. Furthermore, geometric mean diameter and sphericity values ranged to 31.93–38.57 mm and 82.78–92.54%, respectively. There are statistically significant differences on the puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness according to the load axes. The maximum and minimum puncture force values were determined at the Fernor (572 N) with y–y axes and Chandler (211.9 N) with z–z axes, respectively. Also, the highest hardness and the lowest deformation values were obtained for Kaman (y–y axes) and the highest deformation and the lowest hardness were determined at Bilecik (x–x axes). The energy absorption values changed as follows: 0.455–1.086 J, 0.404–0.985 J and 0.426–1.051 J for x–x, y–y and z–z axes, respectively.
In the years 1999-2005, in the 3-year cycles, the valorisation of 72 local cultivars of the genus Phaseolus originating from Poland, the Slovak Republic and Ukraine was carried out. The works included 5 cultivars of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) and 67 cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). It was found that 16 accessions had a climbing type of growth, 4 - flagellate form and 52 - dwarf ones. All runner beans were climbing. Out of the climbing type cultivars, 6 were snap beans with green pods, whereas the other were dry seed type plants. The flagellate cultivars included 1 for green pods and 3 for dry seeds. The dwarf cultivars included, except the ones destined for dry seeds a 4 snap bean cultivars were found: 1 with yellow pods and 3 with green ones. The valorised cultivars showed variability in such characteristics as: yield per plant, 1000 seeds weight, shape and colour of seeds.
This work includes assessment of the three domestic mixed alfalfa cultivars Kometa, Radius, Tula and the three foreign cultivars Marshal, Planet, Symphonie of the sowing alfalfa with regard to the dry matter yields and the total protein content. The highest dry matter yields were collected in the second year of the full utilization and the lowest in the first. The difference between the cultivar of a higher yield Radius and the cultivar of a lower yield Marshal amounted to 7%. The dry matter content during the first year of the utilization reached the value of 56% for the first regrowth, 28% for the second and 16% for the third one. During the second year of the investigations this value amounted to 51, 25 and 24%, respectively. The total protein content was higher in the first year and relatively 11% lower in the second year for each cultivar. Analysis of the regrowths revealed that the third one was characterised with the highest concentration whereas the lowest was found for the first one and the relative difference amounted to 11%.
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