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Systemic circulatory effects of pentagastrin

100%

Pawlik W. W., Gustaw P., Czarnobilski K., Konturek S. J.

Acta Physiologica Polonica

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1987

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tom 38

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nr 5

2

Domage to the nucleus accumbens shell but not core impairs ventral tegmental area stimulation-induced feeding

86%

Trojniar W., Plucinska K., Ignatowska -Jankowska B., Jankowski M.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2007

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tom 58

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nr 3

63-71

3

Intakes of folic acid from dietary supplements and fortified products in students

86%

Sicinska E., Bojarska K.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2013

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tom 64

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nr 1

Background. A great variety of dietary supplements and fortified products, containing folic acid, are widely available to satisfy the market demand for supplementing the diet with this vitamin. Objective. To assess folic acid intake from dietary supplements and fortified products in students. Materials and methods. The study was performed between October 2010-April 2011 on 314 university students aged 19- 34 years, excluding pregnant or lactating women. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information about health, lifestyle and use of dietary supplements during previous month (frequency and doses) and frequency and portion of the fortified products consumed. Results. Diets were supplemented by folic acid by almost 13% of respondents; the average intake was 148 ± 99.7 μg/person/ day, (range 10-400 μg). Products fortified with this vitamin were used by 89% students with an average intake of folic acid 83.7 ± 101 μg/person/day, (range 0.3-660 μg); about a quarter of these subjects were however unaware that they were consuming fortified products. Both product types were used together by 11% students. Among these subjects the average folic acid intake was the highest (233 ± 151 μg/person/day, range 12.3–678 μg); with 66% originating from supplements and 34% from fortified products. There were no instances of folic acid being consumed above the tolerable upper intake level (UL), of 1000 μg/day. Conclusions. It is necessary to warn the public that overconsumption of folic acid, (through dietary supplements, enriched food), may be hazardous to health, since many people combine such multiple products.

4

Evaluation of energy drink intake in selected student groups

86%

Kopacz A., Wawrzyniak A., Hamulka J., Gornicka M.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2013

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tom 64

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nr 1

Background. Energy drinks are intended for people who work hard, both physically and mentally, particularly young people engaged in an active lifestyle. Objective. To assess the intake of energy drinks in a student group, during examinations and throughout an academic year. Materials and methods. A survey was performed on 92 students attending the Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences (Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS) and those from the Faculty of Physical Education (University of Physical Education - UPE) in Warsaw. Results. Students consumed many more energy drinks during examinations (1424±1577 ml/week) than during the academic year (441±579 ml/week). About 30% more subjects from UPE drank such drinks, throughout both examinations and the academic year, compared to those from WULS. On average, most students drunk less than one can per day. During exams, only 49% students consumed an average of less than 125 ml of energy drinks per day, (WULS; 55% and UPE; 46%), whereas this rose to 84% during the academic year (WULS; 91% and UPA; 80%). The most popular brands were Tiger, Red Bull and Burn. Conclusions. It is important that due care and attention is exercised in consuming high amounts of energy drinks as they contain bioactive substances, including caffeine, inositol, taurine, glucuronolactone and vitamins of the group B. These all have specific effects on the body and can be a cause for concern if their intake is high.

5

Pharmacological characterization of lipidized analogs of prolactin-releasing peptide with a modified c-terminal aromatic ring

86%

Prazienkova V., Ticha A., Blechova M., Spolcova A., Zelezna B., Maletinska L.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2016

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tom 67

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nr 1

6

Interactions between leptin and exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, in the regulation of food intake in the rat

86%

Bojanowska E., Nowak A.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2007

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tom 58

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nr 2

Leptin interplays with other peptides to control feeding behaviour in humans and animals. Using exendin-4, an agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1, we investigated whether leptin modifies its effect on food intake in the rat. In the first series, exendin-4 alone (0.1, 2 or 10 µg per rat), leptin alone (0.1, 2, 10 or 100 µg per rat) or exendin-4 and leptin together (0.1 + 0.1, 2 + 2, 10 + 10, or 2 + 100 µg per rat, respectively) were injected once intraperitoneally. In the second series animals were injected either with exendin-4 (2 µg) alone, leptin (10 µg) alone, or leptin (10 µg) + exendin-4 (2 µg) daily for 5 subsequent days. At the lowest dose used, leptin and exendin-4 injected once together, but not separately, reduced significantly a 24-hour food intake. When used in higher doses, however, leptin did not change the exendin-4-dependent suppressory effect on food consumption. No significant differences in food intake were seen between rats treated repeatedly with exendin-4 only and animals injected with both drugs. Hence, leptin and exendin-4 may act additively to inhibit appetite when present in low concentrations while, at high leptin doses, this effect is abolished. The lack of synergistic effects of exendin-4 and high leptin concentrations on food intake may explain, at least in part, mechanisms responsible for leptin resistance in subjects with hyperleptinaemia.

7

Capsaicin induced deafferentiation enhances the effect of electrical vagal nerve stimulation on food intake and body mass

86%

Laskiewicz J., Krolczyk G., Zurowski D., Enck P., Thor P. J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2004

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tom 55

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nr 1,2

Study was based on hypothesis that electrical stimulation (ES) with parameters obtained from analysis of vagal afferent discharge fed state may fake brain with satiety state. We evaluated effect of denervation of vagal capsaicin-sensitive afferents on food intake and body weight in rats with ES of vagal nerves using microchip (MC). Group A was scheduled to MC implantation, B to sham operation only, C to MC implantation and capsaicin vagal deafferentation, and D to capsaicin denervation only. ES lasted 24 days. MC parameters were 0.05Hz, 0.1s, 0.55V. ES of left vagus significantly reduced total food intake as well as the mean daily intake in groups A and C in comparison to control and D group (ANOVA, F=18.55, p=0.0038). Body weight was lower in group A (346,2 g) and C (272,7 g) then in control (381,4 g) and D (356,8 g) (F=25.68, p=0.00068). Leptin decreased in C (165 pg/mL) in comparison to A (625 pg/mL), B (677 pg/mL), and D (612 pg/mL) (p<0,05), mainly due to ES (F=7.27, p=0.019). Glucose was decreased in A (F=5.55, p=0.036) - by 11 % and by 16% in C group. Proper vagal neuromodulation results in central and peripheral effects causing food intake and body weight downregulation.

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Brain-gut axis and its role in the control of food intake

86%

Konturek S. J., Konturek J. W., Pawlik T., Brzozowski T.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2004

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tom 55

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nr 1,2

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and nervous system, both central (CNS) and enteric (ENS), are involved in two-way extrinsic communication by parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, each comprising efferents fibers such as cholinergic and noradrenergic , respectively, and afferent sensory fibers required for gut-brain signaling. Afferent nerves are equipped with numerous sensors at their terminals in the gut related to visceral mechano- chemo- and noci-receptors, whose excitations may trigger a variety of visceral reflexes regulating GIT functions, including the appetitive behaviour. Food intake depends upon various influences from the CNS as well as from the body energy stores (adipocytes) that express and release the product of Ob gene, leptin, in proportion to fat stored and acting in long-term regulation of food intake. Leptin acts through receptors (Ob-R) present in afferent visceral nerves and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), whose neurons are capable of expressing and releasing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti related protein (AgRP) that activate the ingestive behaviour through paraventricular nucleus (PVN) (“feeding center”). In addition, to this long-term regulation, a short-term regulation, on meal-to-meal basis, is secured by several gut hormones, such as cholecystokinin (CCK), peptides YY (PYY) and oxyntomodulin (OXM), released from the endocrine intestinal cells and acting via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) either on afferent nerves or directly on ARC neurons, which in turn inhibit expression and release of food-intake stimulating NPY and AgRP, thereby inducing satiety through inhibition of PVN. In contrast, during fasting, the GIT, especially oxyntic mucosa, expresses and releases appetite stimulating (orexigenic) factors such as ghrelin and orexins (OX) -A and OX-B, and cannabinoid CB1 agonist. Ghrelin activates growth-hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) in hypothalamic ARC and stimulates growth hormone (GH) release and in vagal afferents to promote the expression and release of hypothalamic NPY and AgRP stimulating PVN and driving ingestive behaviour. The balance and interaction between anorexigenic (CCK, PYY, OXM) and orexigenic (ghrelin and OX) factors originating from GIT appears to play an important role in short-term regulation of food intake and growth hormone (GH) release. An impairment of this balance may result in disorders of feeding behaviour and weight gain (obesity) or weight loss (cachexia).

9

Some factors influencing the results of the cage tests of a life span and food intake in Apis Mellifera workers

86%

Paleolog J., Borsuk G., Olszewski K.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio EE: Zootechnica

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2003

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tom 21

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nr 2

10

Influence of vagal nerve stimulation on food intake and body weight - results of experimental studies

72%

Sobocki J., Krolczyk G., Herman R. M., Matyja A., Thor P. J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2005

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tom 56

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nr 6

27-33

The paper reviews recent advances in vagal nerve stimulation for the control of food intake and body weight. The vagal nerves are the predominant pathway in the "brain-gut axis" responsible for short term regulation of food intake. Stimulation of afferent vagal traffic attenuates food intake by vagal projections to nucleus tractus solitarius, arcuate nucleus and its convergence’s to thalamic center of satiety. A few studies have been published in this field so far. All of them are consistent and show significant decrease in body mass during vagal stimulation. Due to promising results of experimental studies, clinical trials are expected in the near future.

11

Repeated cures with paracetamol worsen sarcopenia in old rats with suboptimal food intake

72%

Mast C., Savary-Auzeloux I., Remond D., Pouyet C., Centeno D., Voyard G., Combaret L., Dardevet D., Papet I.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2016

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tom 67

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nr 5

12

Treatment with the ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (goat) inhibitor go-coa-tat reduces food intake by reducing meal frequency in rats

72%

Teuffel P., Wang L., Prinz P., Goebel-Stengel M., Scharner S., Kobelt P., Hofmann T., Rose M., Klapp B. F., Reeve J. R., Stengel A.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2015

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tom 66

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nr 4

13

Rola zywienia w zyciu czlowieka

72%

Turlejska H.

Żywność Żywienie Prawo a Zdrowie

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2000

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tom 09

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nr 2

218-224

14

Leptin is able to stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion via activation of duodeno-pancreatic reflex and CCK release

72%

Nawrot-Porabka K., Jaworek J., Leja-Szpak A., Palonek M., Szklarczyk J., Konturek S. J., Pawlik W. W.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2004

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tom 55

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nr 2

47-57

Leptin, 16- kDa protein produced and secreted from white adipocytes is known to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin receptors have been detected in the pancreas and it has been shown that systemic application of this protein diminished postprandial pancreatic secretion. Leptin is also produced in the stomach and released into the gastrointestinal lumen but the implication of luminal leptin in the regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion has not been elucidated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of intraduodenal (i.d.) leptin administration on pancreatic enzyme secretion and to assess the involvent of afferent nerves and CCK in above effects. The secretory studies were carried out on anaesthetized Wistar rats with acute pancreatic fistulae. Leptin was administered to the animals at doses of 0.1 1.0 or 10.0 µg/kg i.d. Tarazepide (2.5 mg/kg i.d.), a CCK1 receptor antagonist, was given to the rats prior to the application of leptin. Rats with capsaicin deactivated sensory nerves were used in part of the study. Samples of pancreatic juice were taken at 15 min intervals to measure the volume flow and protein and amylase concentrations. CCK plasma level was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) following administration of leptin to the rats. Intraduodenal administration of leptin (1.0 or 10.0 µg/kg) to the fasted rats significantly and dose-dependently increased pancreatic protein and amylase outputs. Pancreatic secretory responses to leptin were totally abolished by prior capsaicin deactivation of sensory nerves or by pretreatment of the rats with tarazepide. Under basal conditions plasma CCK level averaged about 15.46 ± 1,4 pg/ml. Exogenous leptin, given i.d. at doses of 0.1 1.0 or 10.0 µg/kg i.d. to the rats with intact or capsaicin-deactivated sensory nerves resulted in dose-dependent rise of plasma CCK level, reaching the highest value at the dose of 10.0 µg/kg i.d. We conclude that leptin given i.d. stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and this effect could be related to the stimulation of CCK release and activation of duodeno-pancreatic reflexes.

15

Behavioural studies on opioid involvement in feeding

72%

O'Hare E.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 65

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nr 5

16

Effects of peripheral or central GLP-1 receptor blockade on leptin-induced suppression of appetite

72%

Nowak A., Bojanowska E.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2008

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tom 59

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nr 3

501-510

Leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were proved to act in concert to control the activity of feeding centres. Since leptin receptor was identified in the gut endocrine L cells and neurons producing GLP-1, we have checked whether GLP-1 mediates the effects of leptin on feeding and drinking behaviour. To this aim, an intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection of exendin (9 - 39), a GLP-1 antagonist, (50 or 10 µg per rat, respectively) followed by leptin (100 or 5 µg per rat, respectively) was made and 24-hour food intake and body weight changes were measured. Previous injection of exendin (9 - 39) completely abolished the suppressory effect of peripheral leptin on food intake and body weight gain. Moreover, exendin (9 - 39) significantly attenuated the effect of intracerebroventricular leptin on food but not water consumption. It is concluded that intact GLP-1 signalling is necessary to mediate the effect of leptin on food intake in the rat. Conversely, leptin seems to affect the thirst center function independently of GLP-1. Also, these findings produce further evidence for close interactions between long- and short-term factors regulating the activity of feeding centres.

17

Effect of long-term vagal stimulation on food intake and body weight during diet induced obesity in rats

72%

Bugajski A. J., Gil K., Ziomber A., Zurowski D., Zaraska W., Thor P. J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2007

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tom 58

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nr 1

5-12

18

Central regulation of food intake in ageing

72%

Kmiec Z.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2006

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tom 57

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nr 6

7-16

Energy homeostasis and fuel metabolism undergo significant modifications in the course of ageing. During the second half of life many humans increase their body mass and develop glucose intolerance that may lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, many old people suffer from being underweight, and this "anorexia of elderly" may seriously compromise their health under certain circumstances. Experimental studies into the causes of ageing-related impairments of food intake regulation were performed mainly on rat, and to some extent, on non-human primates. It was found that the expression of NPY, the most potent orexigenic peptide, and of NPY receptors, is highly suppressed in the hypothalamus of old rats. Moreover, the increase of NPY mRNA after fasting was severely blunted in old as compared to young rats. Similar reductions, although of lower magnitude, were reported for other hypothalamic orexigenic compounds such as, AgRP and orexins. Interestingly, ageing does not significantly alter hypothalamic mRNA levels of important anorexigens such as CART and aMSH. The presented findings suggest that, at least in rodents, ageing is associated with the general down-regulation of hypothalamic peptides that stimulate food intake and unchanged expression of anorexigenic peptides. This situation may be responsible for the decreased appetite drive in senescent animals and loss of weight at the end-of-life period. If similar changes of the central control of food intake underly „anorexia of ageing“ observed in some elderly, it is possible that therapeutic intervention at this regulatory level may be possible in the future.

19

Involvement of Helicobacter pylori infection in neuro-hormonal control of food intake

72%

Konturek P. C., Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M., Bielanski W., Konturek S. J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2006

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tom 57

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nr 5

67-81

Ghrelin and leptin are endogenous peptides that have been implicated in the control of food intake, energy homeostasis and body weight gain. Although the stomach is the major source of circulating ghrelin and partly contributes also to plasma leptin, controversy exists over the influence of gastric Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection on the ghrelin and leptin release. To resolve this controversy, plasma immunoreactive ghrelin and leptin levels were determined in Hp-positive and Hp negative children (N=60) and in adults (N=120) and daily concentrations of these hormones were measured at 2 h intervals before and after meals. Serum levels of ghrelin and leptin as well as gastrin were measured by RIA. Hp status was assessed using 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and serology. Children with negative UBT showed significantly higher basal serum levels of ghrelin and lower concentrations of leptin than those with positive UBT. Adults without Hp infection also showed significantly higher fasting serum levels of ghrelin and lower levels of leptin than those in Hp infected subjects. In adults, especially without Hp infection, plasma levels of ghrelin showed a marked rise before the meal and sudden decrease following the food intake, while plasma leptin did not showed significant meal-related alterations, but in general its level was significantly higher in Hp positive than Hp negative subjects. Serum gastrin concentrations were significantly elevated in both Hp positive children and adults and these levels were significantly lower in Hp negative subjects. We conclude that Hp infection in children and adults causes a marked reduction in plasma levels of ghrelin, while increasing plasma levels of leptin and gastrin. These alterations in plasma levels of gastric originated appetite-controlling hormones in Hp infected children and adults may contribute to the alterations of the appetite and dyspeptic symptoms observed in these subjects.

20

Effects of heterosis on food intake and growth of calves in the period from birth to weaning

72%

Skrzypek R.

Animal Science. Scientific Papers of Agricultural University of Poznan

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2003

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tom 05

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