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Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) participates in the actin scavenger system, it is a carrier of vitamin D and its derivatives, it manifests the capacity to bind mainly monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, it binds to the surface of several cells and enhances chemotactic activity of C5a of the complement. The present study was aimed at answering the question whether serum DBP level in mares is related to levels of this protein in colostrum and in serum of its progeny. For this purpose, sera from 77 mares, colostra from 72 mares and sera from 69 Thoroughbred foals were collected. Mother’s age, number of deliveries experienced in the past, month of delivery, feeding of foals with colostra were recorded. Blood of the foals was sampled from the umbilical vein during delivery (0h) and 36-48 h after delivery from the external jugular vein, colostra of the mares were obtained after delivery and blood of the mares was sampled 36-48 h after delivery. Concentration of DBP was estimated by a self-designed ELISA. In the present study, DBP concentrations in newborn’s serum were found independent of their concentrations in mother’s serum, her age and number of parities experienced in the past. Colostrum DBP level was found to be lower than that in the mare’s serum and was not correlated to the concentration of this protein in mare’s serum. There was no effect of colostrum feeding on DBP level in the foal serum. These results indicate that serum DBP concentration in newborn foals depends on factors which act directly on the foal. Because of the lack of correlation between plasma and colostrum concentrations of DBP, it can be assumed that DBP is synthesised in the mammary gland and/or specific transport mechanisms exist in the mammary gland.
Faecal egg counts were performed in 187 foals of a large Polish stud farm between February and September 2007. Eggs of Parascaris equorum were present in faeces of 7% and those of cyathostomins in 13% of the foals aged less than 194 days. Information dealing with age of foals and/or efficiency of ivermectin treatment as well as the nematode parasite prepatent periods, it can be conducted that most of the infections recorded on the basis of faecal egg counts were false-infections in animals up to the age of six months, probably due to the ingestion of infected faeces of their dam or some other horses.
Eighteen purebred Arabian mares and six Anglo-Arabian mares were observed during first 4 h after foaling in one of the leading Polish stud farms in two foaling seasons. The aim of the research was to analyse the behaviour of mares and the condition of foals after parturition. Specific behavioural responses like licking, nuzzling, and touching a foal were identified as interactive activities supporting the process of creating the bond between the mare and the foal. The maternal behaviours started immediately after parturition and reached the biggest frequency in the first hour after foaling. The time spent by the mares on standing, resting, and eating has also been measured. The results of observations were compared in reference to mares' breeds and statuses. Aggressive maternal behaviour, both normal and abnormal (perceived as aberration) was noticed. Foal's condition after parturition was assessed on the basis of the first standing up, colostrum nursing, and meconium passing. On average, the foals made attempts to stand up in the 21st min after birth, and the first self-reliant getting up occurred in the 85th min. The share of time spent by the foals in the upright position increased with even hour. Furthermore, the time of the first colostrum nursing was associated with the first standing up. The duration of gestation influenced foals' colostrum nursing and meconium passing.
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