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In material from bird nests in the Kaliningrad area (the Baltic, settlement Rybachiy), the authors determined 7 flea species: Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank, 1803); C. garei Rothschild, 1902; C.farreni Rothschild, 1905; C.fringillae (Walker, 1856); C.hirundinis (Curtis, 1926); C. rusticus Wagner, 1903; and C. sciurorum (Schrank, 1781). Their representation on the various hosts is given in Table I. Dominant in nests coming from tree hollows was C. gallinae (99.0%), and in nest on buildings, of Delichon urbica - C. hirundinis (85.6%). In 4 specimens of the genus Ceratophyllus, the authors found striking abnormalities of taxonomically important tergites and sternites on their backs (Figs. 2-4). They are of such a nature as to preclude a reliable determination of the relevant specimens.
Analysis of weight and size of the fledglings of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) and great tits (Parus major) was carried out during the breeding season in 1995. The presence of flea ectoparasites influenced fledglings’ weight but, contrary to expectations, birds were heavier in infested nests. The wing and tarsus size of the pied flycatchers’ fledglings were lower in nests where fleas were found, whereas great tits’ fledglings in parasitized nests had longer wings and comparable tarsi. These differences could be attributed to clutch size adjustment which appeared to take place in flea-infested nests of great tits.
Fleas associated with small mammals from the Argentinean Monte Desert, were examined. The research was carried out in Ñacuñán Biosphere Reserve (34°02'S, 67°58'W), in the Chaqueña Biogeographic Subregion of the Neotropical Region. Mammal species trapped were as follows: Rodentia, Muridae, Sigmodontinae: Akodon molinae Contreras, 1968 (N = 44), Graomys griseoflavus (Waterhouse, 1837) (N = 15), Calomys musculinus (Thomas, 1913) (N = 12), and Eligmodontia typus F. Cuvier, 1837 (N = 7); Didelphiomorphia, Didelphidae, Mamorsinae: Thylamys pusillus (Desmarest, 1804) (N = 1). A total of 236 fleas were collected: Stephanocircidae, Craneopsyllinae: Craneopsylla minerva wolffhuegeli (Rothschild, 1909); Rhopalopsyllidae, Rhopalopsyllinae: Polygenis (Polygenis) bohlsi bohlsi (Wagner, 1901), Polygenis (Polygenis) platensis cisandinus (Jordan, 1939) and Polygenis (Neopolygenis) puelche Del Ponte, 1963; Rhopalopsyllidae, Parapsyllinae: Ectinorus (Ectinorus) barrerai Jordan, 1939. High values of total mean abundance (MA = 2.99) and total prevalence (P = 73.41%) were obtained. A. molinae (MA = 3.14; P = 93.18%; flea specific richness S = 5; Shannon specific diversity index H = 1.25) and G. griseoflavus (MA = 6.40; P = 100%; S = 5; H = 0.76) showed the highest values of the infestation parameters. No fleas were collected from E. typus, possibly because of its habits. Fleas associated with T. pusillus are reported for the first time. Our collections extend the western limits of the distribution of both P. (N.) puelche and P. (P.) b. bohlsi. In addition, new host species are reported for every flea species and subspecies, and seven host-flea associations are mentioned for the first time.
We examined 49 Sorex cinereus, 25 S. tundrensis, 15 S. hoyi, two S. monticolas, two S. ugyunak, 19 Microtus pennsylvanicus, 45 M. oeconomus, 60 M. miurus, 13 Clethrionomys rutilas, six Synaptomys borealis collected from central and northern Alaska in August 2000 for blood parasites. Bartonella sp. was found in blood smears of 2% of S. cinereus, and Trypanosoma sp. in blood smears of 7% M. oeconomus. Meronts of Hepatozoon sp. were detected in lungs of 2% of M. oeconomus and 1.5% of M. miurus. Of possible vectors of blood parasites, species of fleas collected included Amalaraeus dissimilis dissimilis from M. miurus, Peromyscopsylla ostsibirica from S. tundrensis and M. oeconomus, and Corrodopsylla curvata curvata from S. cinereus.
Prevalence of flea infestation in nests of Blue Tit Parus caeruleus was analyzed and compared with these of other hole-nesting birds. Nests were collected from nestboxes prior to youngs fledging. It was found that prevalence of fleas was very low in comparison to other studies of Blue Tits nests and to other bird species. The possible reasons of this low prevalence are discussed.
This article reports the geographical and host distribution of the flea Stenoponia tripectinata on the Canary Islands. S. tripectinata is widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean and North Africa as a parasite of Muridae rodents. To date, Gran Canaria is the only island of the archipelago where S. tripectinata had been found. In this report, S. tripectinata has appeared parasitizing 116 specimens of Mus musculus out of a total of 660, and only 2 Rattus rattus of 215 captured. All the trapped Muridae hosts found to be parasitized by S. tripectinata came from humid biotopes. The results showed that S. tripectinata is present on all the western Canary Islands and on one of the eastern islands, Gran Canaria, the only island already reported. The detection of S. tripectinata on El Hierro, La Palma, La Gomera and Tenerife represents the first records of this flea species on those Canary Islands.
Altogether 27,097 individuals and 56 species of mesostigmatic mites, and 169 individuals and 6 species of fleas, were found in 14 subterraneous nests of mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus in Slovakia. The mites were found in all nests examined (200-5,200 individuals and 8-31 species in one nest). The most abundant and frequent species were edaphic Proctolaelapspyg- maeus (536 ind. per one nest), coprophilous Alliphis halleri (471 ind.), ectoparasites Androlaelaps fahrenholzi (350 ind.), Laelaps algericus (287 ind.), Haemogamasus nidi (94 ind.), and nidicolous Vulgarogamasus remberti (79 ind.). Occurrence of other mite species was considerably lower (less than 14 ind. per one nest). The most common flea species was Ctenophthalmus assimilis (9 ind. per one nest), which represented almost 80% of all individuals collected. According to trophic relations and habitat requirements, the recorded mite species were classified into ecological groups, which were used for a more detailed analysis of their relationships to the host and its nests. Parasitic mites were predominant (41.6% of individuals). Representation of other ecological group was as follows: edaphic species - 28.5%, coprophiles - 24.5%, nidicoles - 5.4%. Ectoparasites and nidicoles specific for the acarinium and siphonapterium of mole Talpa europaea, which constructs similar subterranean nests for overwintering as M. spicilegus, were not recorded.
In the commune of Łomianki near Warsaw, Poland (52°20'N, 20°50 'E), 12 samples of at least 19 nests we collected from wooden nest boxes between 1995-1999. The samples were unevenly distributed among months, but in total they represented each month of the year. In total 386 nests were analysed, including 283 of the tree sparrow (Passer montanus), 30 of the house sparrow (P. domesticus) and 73 nests of the genus Passer, but unidentified species. Using the Tullgren apparatus, 7692 imago fleas of 8 species were extracted from these nests. Only Ceratophyllus gallinae and C. fringillae were sufficiently abundant to analyse changes in their numbers. The number of C. gallinae was about 3.1 times higher than of C. fringillae. The abundance, prevalence and dominance of the two flea species were analysed in the annual cycle. Adult forms of the two flea species were leasl abundant in nests in April. Their numbers increased between May and July, slightly decreased in August and rapidly increased in September and October, reaching the maxima in all the indices, except for the dominance in the community of nest fauna. C. fringillae dominated in March and C. gallinae in September. In the winter months, adult C. gallinae occurred in relatively large numbers. In the nests of tree sparrow, fleas probably produced at least two and possible even three generations.
The parasitic fauna of the edible dormouse was studied in 2004. Nine species of ectoparasites were registered: fleas (Siphonaptera) – 7, gamasid mites (Gamasoidea) – 1, harvest mites (Trombidiidae) – 1. Two ectoparasite species predominated: a flea Nosopsyllus sciurorum and a harvest mite Trombicula zachvatkini. We revealed differences in the infection rates of dormice of different age and sex. Adult individuals were more infected than juveniles in terms of the index of abundance. Infection among males was higher than in females in terms of index of occurrence.
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