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seventeen early medieval sedimentary layers of the port of the town of Wolin, corresponding chronologically with the time period from the beginning of the 9th till the middle of the 13th century, the occurrence of 3 537 bone remains was stated, of which 2 784 pieces had their anatomy determined. In the identified archaeological material 33 types of bones were found, belonging to 15 species of teleost fishes, as well as 4 kinds of common sturgeon remains (Acipenser sturio). The bones of viscerocranium, mainly of zander (Stizostedion lucioperca), bream (Abramis brama), and perch (Perca fluviatilis), were dominant (57.23%).
Background. The more than 10-metre deep archaeological site called the Vegetable Market (Kraut Markt), located near the Pomeranian Dukes’ Castle in Szczecin, was explored in 1953–1964. The site was found to contain 20 early-medieval sediment layers and a layer overlying the basement consisting of riverine mud. Historically, the layers spanned a period from the second decade of the 10th to the beginning of the 5th decade of the 13th century. Materials and Methods. The dig yielded numerous cultural artefacts, including fish remains examined during this study. The present paper summarises continuation of research on fish bone remains. The research allowed to identify a total of 10 085 bones in 725 labelled collections. The identified bones of 20 fish species were compared with bones of the extant known fish species, belonging to individuals of various size. The analysis made it possible to estimate the lowest abundance and weight of the fish present at the archaeological site examined. Results. The assemblage of 20 species, the remains of which were present in sediment of the site, turned out to be dominated, in terms of abundance, by carp bream (26.4%), followed by zander (17.5%), roach (15.9%), tench (9.5%), wels catfish (9.6%), northern pike (6.3%), European perch (6.0%), sturgeon (3.1%), and asp (2.2%), the total fish weight being dominated by sturgeon (31.3%), followed by wels catfish (27.0%), zander (15.3%), carp bream (10.6%), northern pike (5.1%), tench (4.2%), roach (2.2%), asp (2.1%), and European perch (1.1%). The remaining 11 species (twaite shad, European chub, ide, rudd, zope, white bream, Baltic vimba, ziege, crucian carp, European eel, and ruffe) contributed much less both to the abundance and to the weight.
Fish remains described from the early Miocene lacustrine Bannockburn Formation of Central Otago, New Zealand, consist of several thousand otoliths and one skeleton plus another disintegrated skull. One species, Mataichthys bictenatus Schwarzhans, Scofield, Tennyson, and T. Worthy gen. et sp. nov., an eleotrid, is established on a skeleton with otoliths in situ. The soft embedding rock and delicate, three−dimensionally preserved fish bones were studied by CT−scanning technology rather than physical preparation, except where needed to extract the otolith. Fourteen species of fishes are described, 12 new to science and two in open nomenclature, representing the families Galaxiidae (Galaxias angustiventris, G. bobmcdowalli, G. brevicauda, G. papilionis, G. parvirostris, G. tabidus), Retropinnidae (Prototroctes modestus, P. vertex), and Eleotridae (Mataichthys bictenatus, M. procerus, M. rhinoceros, M. taurinus). These findings prove that most of the current endemic New Zealand/southern Australia freshwater fish fauna was firmly established in New Zealand as early as 19–16 Ma ago. Most fish species indicate the presence of large fishes, in some cases larger than Recent species of related taxa, for instance in the eleotrid genus Mataichthys when compared to the extant Gobiomorphus. The finding of a few otoliths from marine fishes corroborates the age determination of the Bannockburn Formation as the Altonian stage of the New Zealand marine Tertiary stratigraphy.
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