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This study presents a quantitative approach to mapping benthophagous fish feeding grounds. This approach combines the spatial biomass distribution of benthic prey items and their importance for the diets of predators. A point based biomass data of macrozoobenthos together with a set of environmental factors was used to develop Random Forests models that produce continuous biomass distribution layers for individual prey species. Depending on the diet composition and the importance of prey for fish feeding, these layers are overlaid and an integrated GIS map of the seabed showing the quality of feeding grounds is generated. These maps provide a useful basis for conservation and marine spatial planning. In addition, this method could be applied to the mapping of resources used by other benthophagous organisms. The method is presented using the example of three common Baltic fish species: cod, flounder and viviparous eelpout.
Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological studies were carried out on vendace larvae and fry, in tank water in the course of fish rearing, and in fish feeds. Quantitative studies comprised bacteria indicatory of water pollution and sanitary state. Qualitative analyses paid attention to bacteria belonging to the different genera and to the family Enterobacteriaceae. The highest number of bacteria was observed for the groups of psychrophilic (TVC 20°C - total viable count of psychrophilic bacteria on broth-agar after 72 h incubation in 20°C), mesophilic (TVC 37°C - total viable count of mesophilic bacteria on broth-agar after 24 h incubation in 37°C), proteolytic and ammonifying microorganisms. Qualitative studies were used to reveal that bacteria from the genera Aeromonas and Flavobacterium, and from the family Enterobacteriaceae were present in fish, while tank water contained bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Flavobacterium, and fish feed - those from the genera Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus.
Studies were carried out on the survival of six strains of bacteria: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus in fish feeds stored for 72 days in -11°C, 5°C and 20°C. On the last day of the study live cells of all bacterial strains were found in the feed stored in -11°C, of three strains in 5°C and two in 20°C. Two strains, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus survived throughout the whole storage period in all three temperatures.
Background. Linseed and its by-products constitute a major source of dietary protein, but due to amino-acid imbalance and presence of anti-nutritional factors their use in fish feed is limited. Therefore, fermentation of linseed by lactic acid bacteria and/or fermented diets increases the level of linseed inclusion into the diet of rohu fingerlings by up to 40 percentage points. Materials and Methods. Six experimental diets (RL20, RL30, RL40, FL20, FL30, and FL40) for rohu fingerlings (Labeo rohita) were formulated using raw and fermented linseed meals. Finely powdered (400 µm) diet ingredients were incorporated at 3 different levels (20, 30, and 40%) into each diet, replacing equal proportions of all the ingredients from the reference diet. Two types of de-oiled linseed, Linum usitatissimum, meals were used as test ingredients: raw (RL) and fermented (FL). Prior to incorporation, a portion of the linseed meal was fermented by inoculating it with lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus. The reference diet was prepared with fish meal as the chief protein source. Results. Fermentation of the oilseed meal resulted in reduction of tannin content from 2.45% to 1.32%. The total digestibility of the reference and test diets was significantly higher (P < 0.01) at all levels of fermented linseed addition. In particular, it was observed that the fermented samples showed comparatively better digestibility than the raw samples. Conclusion. Fermentation of oilseed meals which leads to the reduction of anti-nutritional factors may be applied as an efficient tool in formulation of feeds for rohu fingerlings.
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