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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are handled differently in different countries. Whereas global acreage of GMOs jumped to 134 million hectares in 2009 [Cultivation... 2010], in many European countries opposition to GMOs is still strong, and their acreage is very small. This situation poses a difficult situation for many companies and their corporate social responsibility [CSR] strategies. Against this background, we conducted an online survey of 170 agribusiness firms in order to shed some light on how companies handle the conflict between, on the one hand, the growing use of GMOs worldwide and, on the other, the rejection of GMOs by European consumers. The empirical results show that many agribusiness firms perceive the use of GMOs as a highly relevant management issue that shapes their CSR strategies. All in all, agribusiness firms apply a wide spectrum of CSR activities; furthermore, CSR is considered a top management responsibility. GMOs are of aboveaverage relevance in firms that have been criticized for their attitudes towards and use of GMOs. The empirical results have interesting implications for the management of CSR and legitimacy in the agribusiness sector.
The article deals with the issue of the links between technological and marketing innovations. The theoretical part of the paper presents defi nitions and key features of marketing innovations, as well as it indicates the potential cause-effect relations between decisions to introduce process and product innovations and the implementation of new methods in marketing mix. The empirical part of the paper verifi es formulated hypotheses using data derived from the survey on innovation activity of Polish manufacturing enterprises in the years 2008–2010. The results of research show the positive impact of propensity to adapt product innovations on marketing innovations activity of enterprises. Moreover, expenditures on acquisition of knowledge from external sources and expenditures on marketing for new and signifi cantly improved products turned out to be factors stimulating enterprises to implement changes in marketing methods.
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