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1

Einfluss der Kaffeebraune von Tannenkernholz auf die Qualitat des Holzrohstoffs

100%

Paschalis P., Lotocka Z.

Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Forestry and Wood Technology

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1992

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tom 43

2

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Detection of SNPs based on DNA specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook)

75%

Su Y., Hu D., Zheng H.

Dendrobiology

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2016

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tom 76

Compared to angiosperms, conifers represent more complex genomes with larger giga-genome size. To detect large-scale single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), whole genome sequencing of a conifer population is still unaffordable. In this work, we report the use of DNA specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) for large-scale SNP detection in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook), an ecological and economic important conifer in China. SLAF libraries of 18 parent clones of a Chinese fir 2.5 generation seed orchard were sequenced and a total of 117,924 SLAFs were developed. We detected 147,376 SNPs from these SLAFs; 146,231 of them represented simple nucleotide change in A/G, C/T, A/C, A/T, C/G or G/T. The most frequent SNPs occurred in C/T (34.3%), while the majority of SNPs (68.2%) belonged to transition events (A/G and C/T). Notably, all the sequenced samples had high portion (78.2–80.9%) of common SNPs indicating that the Chinese fir genomes tended to change its nucleotides at common loci. 48,406 informative SNPs were then successfully utilized to genotype the tested samples (n = 18) followed by a phylogenetic tree to clarify their genetic relationship. Furthermore, a set of very high linkage disequilibrium (0.51–1.00) were identified from these informative SNPs. In brief, our work demonstrated that SLAF-seq is an alternative and cost-effectively high-throughput approach for large-scale SNP exploitation in Chinese fir. While the obtained SNPs offer useful marker resource for further genetic and genomic studies and will be helpful for Chinese fir breeding programs.

3

Changes of Abies alba crown state and stand quality class in the Sudety Mountains

63%

Filipiak M.

Dendrobiology

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2005

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tom 54

11-17

Sudeteny Mts. are a region where the level of industrial air pollution was very high due to brown coal combustion. In this paper I presents the assessments concerning the fir stand quality class and crown vitality.The study were carried out between 1999 and 2001 and supplemented with studies made in 1997 and 2005. My conclusions are based on measurements of 3529 fir trees representing 481 populations of this species in different parts of the Sudety Mts. The stand quality class of the fir in the Sudety Mts. are better than expected but about 0,5 degree lower than in the Carpathians. Our results confirm the reports concerning the strong and very strong damage of fir crowns in the Sudety Mts. in the 1990’s. It was calculated that the average fir in the Sudety Mts. stands has a primary crown with a length that is approximately 19% of the total tree height and which is damaged in approximately 36%. At approximately 23% of the total height the average fir develops a regeneration crown. An additional factor which contributed to fir damage was their frequent presence in thinned stands. In these places the process of crown reconstruction from a wide to a denser is observed. In the recent years the level of industrial pollution in the Sudety Mts. has been strongly reduced. This particularly concerns sulphur oxides. This has contributed to the improvement of the crown health of the studied species, but the crown regeneration is slower than the trunk diameter increment. The crown damages have so far been proportional to the altitude. Trees which grow in stands located in lower areas have healthier crowns. Trees which grow in broken canopy and on hilltops are more vulnerable to the impact of pollution carried by wind and fog. The severe damage to the top parts of the crown has a negative effect on the cone crop of the fir.

4

Quantification of individual tree competition index taking Chinese-fir plantations in subtropical low hilly area as an example

63%

Zhang Y., Deng X., Huang Y., Li Y., Xiang W., Yan W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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tom 67

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nr 1

Competition among trees is a fundamental interaction process within plant community, which is the theoretical basis of thinning. Plant competitive intensity is generally measured using a competition index (CI) that can be classified into two major categories: distance-independent and distance-dependent. The current study used Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook as the test subject and used Hegyi's CI (distance-dependent), to quantify individual CI and their relationship with tree diameter at breast height (DBH). Five different criteria were used to select potential competitors for the calculation of CI. Seven basic linear and nonlinear mathematical functions were used to test and quantify the relationships between DBH of the target tree and the individual CI. Results showed that individual CI was negatively correlated with target tree DBH: as DBH increased, competition intensity weakened. The adjusted R² with five different criteria of selection competitors simulated by seven functions ranged from 0.30 to 0.82. Considering the root mean square error (RMSE), P-value, and adjusted-R², our results suggested that the best model to simulate the relationship between individual CI and focal tree DBH was power function (CI = 43.98 × DBH⁻¹‧⁰⁸, adjusted R² = 0.81) and with the Voronoi diagram method as the criteria for selecting competitors. These results can demonstrate a clearer understanding of the spatial structure of forests, and can be used to guide the selection of thinning trees in the process of thinning practice.

5

Height-diameter models for mixed-species forests consisting of spruce, fir, and beech

63%

Petras R., Bosela M., Mecko J., Oszlanyi J., Popa I.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2014

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tom 56

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nr 2

Height-diameter models define the general relationship between the tree height and diameter at each growth stage of the forest stand. This paper presents generalized height-diameter models for mixed-species forest stands consisting of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), Silver fir (Abies alba L.), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) from Slovakia. The models were derived using two growth functions from the exponential family: the two-parameter Michailoff and three-parameter Korf functions. Generalized height-diameter functions must normally be constrained to pass through the mean stand diameter and height, and then the final growth model has only one or two parameters to be estimated. These “free” parameters are then expressed over the quadratic mean diameter, height and stand age and the final mathematical form of the model is obtained. The study material included 50 long-term experimental plots located in the Western Carpathians. The plots were established 40–50 years ago and have been repeatedly measured at 5 to 10-year intervals. The dataset includes 7,950 height measurements of spruce, 21,661 of fir and 5,794 of beech. As many as 9 regression models were derived for each species. Although the “goodness of fit” of all models showed that they were generally well suited for the data, the best results were obtained for silver fir. The coefficient of determination ranged from 0.946 to 0.948, RMSE (m) was in the interval 1.94–1.97 and the bias (m) was –0.031 to 0.063. Although slightly imprecise parameter estimation was established for spruce, the estimations of the regression parameters obtained for beech were quite less precise. The coefficient of determination for beech was 0.854–0.860, RMSE (m) 2.67–2.72, and the bias (m) ranged from –0.144 to –0.056. The majority of models using Korf’s formula produced slightly better estimations than Michailoff’s, and it proved immaterial which estimated parameter was fixed and which parameters were free.

6

The influence of the trunk cross section zone on the emission of VOC, chemical composition and structural parameters of fir (Abies alba Mill.)

63%

Czajka M., Fabisiak E.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2014

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tom 87

7

Chemical control of Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl (Hymenoptera, Torymidae), a seed pest of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii F.)

63%

Szmidt A., Banaszak R.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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1991

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tom 33

8

Carpathian beech species composition of the Bieszczady National Park in the period from 1993 to 2003

63%

Sugiero D., Raczka G.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2014

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tom 13

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nr 4

The paper presents results of the research carried out in beech stands of the Carpathian beech fertile complex (Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum) in the lower subalpine zone in the Bieszczady National Park. The objective of the presented study was to analyse changes of species composition in all developmental stand of the lowers stands in the period from 1993 to 2003/04. The obtained results are proof of high levels of stability of the stands in focus, which was confirmed by absence, at the beginning and at the end of the control period, of statistically significant changes in species composition of the old trees layer, undergrowth and natural seeding. Enduringly, the Carpathian beech stands are build by three specific forest-forming species to the Eastern Carpathian Mts.: beech, fir and sycamore.

9

Study of Abies somatic embryogenesis and its application

63%

Vookova B., Kormutak A.

Dendrobiology

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2014

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tom 71

This paper provides results of somatic embryogenesis study in our laboratory. General description of somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction, maturation of somatic embryos and plantlets regeneration of the Abies species, followed by a comparisons of some characteristics of zygotic and somatic embryos, seedlings and emblings (somatic seedlings). Own results are supplemented with some literature data. Also aplication of SE for improving of plantlet regeneration of elite fir trees from Dobroč primeval is described as well as initiation of the SE from seeds of incompatible crossings of firs where zygotic embryos abort usually several weeks after pollination

10

The effect of carbohydrates and polyethylene glycol on somatic embryo maturation in hybrid fir Abies alba x Abies numidica

63%

Salaj T., Matusova R., Salaj J.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2004

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tom 46

159-167

Embryogenic cell line AN 72 derived from immature hybrid fir Abies alba x A. numidica zygotic embryos was subjected to different maturation treatments. The effect of the carbohydrates sucrose, maltose and glucose (each at 3%, 6% and 9%) or PEG-4000 (5.0%, 7.5% and 10%) combined with different carbohydrate sources was tested. PEG-4000 stimulated somatic embryo maturation of hybrid fir. This stimulatory effect was dependent on the carbohydrate source used. Culture medium with maltose as carbohydrate source combined with PEG-4000 produced the highest number of cotyledonary somatic embryos. Carbohydrates supplied alone (mainly at 6% and 9%) exerted an unfavorable effect, increasing the frequency of abnormally shaped somatic embryos without regeneration capacity. The structural organization of morphologically well-developed cotyledonary somatic embryos was similar to that of zygotic embryos. In abnormal somatic embryos the shoot apical meristem and root meristem were very damaged. Electrophoretic separation of denatured proteins using SDS-PAGE showed differences in the accumulation of low molecular weight storage proteins in somatic embryos. Storage protein accumulation was dependent on the concentration of PEG-4000 and the carbohydrate source.

11

Analysis of changes in wood structure of Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var. viridis Britt.] in Poland

63%

Wasik R.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie. Sesja Naukowa

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2005

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tom 91

463-470

12

The morphological traits of cones and seeds of Abies alba in the Middle Sudeten

63%

Tracz M., Barzdajn W.

Dendrobiology

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2007

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tom 58

59-65

Twenty Abies alba trees were selected for restoration purpose of species in the Sudeten. Eleven features of cone and seeds collected from those trees were examined and all of them significantly differed selected trees. Five features, i.e. cone length, cone biggest diameter, length and width of ovuliferous scales, and length of wings with were recommended as having the highest diagnostic value.

13

Growth, biomass allocation and nutrients accumulation in needles of Abies alba seedlings growing three years on humus from different forest sites

63%

Robakowski P., Komisarek J., Nowinski M., Bulaj B.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2007

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tom 29

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nr 1 Suppl.

14

Natural regeneration of the European silver fir in the Sudety Mountains on soils with different particle size distribution

63%

Filipiak M., Komisarek J., Nowinski M.

Dendrobiology

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2003

|

tom 50

In the 40 fir localities in the Sudety Mountains, varying in site conditions and the degree of natural regeneration development were taken soil samples from the mineral horizon and were subjected to particle size distribution analysis. The best regeneration of fir stands has been reported on medium-textured soils, containing a few percents of the clay fraction and from 50to 60% of sand.The poorest regeneration was reported on silty soils, located in the lower parts of slopes. In comparision with the Carpathians, spectrum of conditions in which firs grow in the Sudety Mountains is clearly shifted from coarse-textured soils to medium-textured soils.

15

Abortive embryogenesis in Taiwan fir [Abies kawakamii Hayata-Ito]

63%

Kormutak A., Yang J. C.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

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1997

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tom 45

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nr 2-4

16

Effect of geographic range discontinuity on taxonomic differentiation of Abies cilicica

51%

Boratynska K., Sekiewicz K., Jasinska A. K., Tomaszewski D., Iszkulo G., Ok T., Bou Dagher-Kharrat M., Boratynski A.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2015

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tom 84

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nr 4

Three populations of Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica and four of A. cilicica subsp. cilicica were analyzed using 35 morphological and anatomical needle characters with the implementation of multivariate statistical methods to verify the differences between subspecies. Moreover, the possible geographic differentiation of A. cilicica subsp. cilicica populations from the East Taurus and Lebanon Mountains was examined. Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica has been distinguished from A. cilicica subsp. cilicica by its glabrous young shoots and resinous buds. We detected that needles of A. cilicica subsp. isaurica are longer, broader and thicker, with a higher number of stomata rows, and larger cells of the epidermis, hypodermis and endodermis than A. cilicica subsp. cilicica. Additionally, A. cilicica subsp. isaurica needles have frequently rounded to obtuse-acute apex and resinous canals positioned more centrally inside the mesophyll than needles of A. cilicica subsp. cilicica. This indicates that a set of most of the tested needle characters can be used to distinguish the subspecies; however, any of characters enable that when used separately. Morphological and anatomical distinctiveness between these two taxa justify their recognition at the subspecies rank. Additionally, the populations of A. cilicica subsp. cilicica from the East Taurus and Lebanon are morphologically different. This geographic differentiation of populations is congruent with results provided by genetic analyses of nuclear microsatellites markers (nSSR).

17

The usefulness of giant fir (Abies grandis Lindl.) on a mountainous forest farm in Poland on the example of its site in Myslenice Forest District

51%

Sosnowski J., Obajtek B., Wasik R.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Forestry

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2005

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tom 08

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nr 4

18

Stem volume and aboveground woody biomass in noble fir [Abies procera Rehder] stands in the Rogow Arboretum [Poland]

51%

Jagodzinski A. M., Banaszczak P.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2010

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tom 09

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nr 2

9-24

The study was carried out in 39- and 43-year-old stands of noble fir (Abies procera Rehder) grown in the Rogów Arboretum of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (Poland). The main objectives of our study were (1) to estimate stem volume over bark of noble fir grown out of its natural range, (2) to develop suitable allometric equations for estimating aboveground woody biomass components and (3) to estimate aboveground woody biomass components using site-specific allometric equations and to compare them with biomass estimated using allometric equations developed in stands grown within natural range of noble fir. The study showed that the mean DBH of trees was 20.14 cm in the younger stand and 22.25 cm in the older stand. The basal area of the 39-year-old stand was 49.01 m2·ha-1 and 43-year-old stand was 47.53 m2·ha-1. Based on the developed equation stem volume over bark was 374.87 m3·ha-1 and 356.24 m3·ha-1 in the 39- and 43-year-old stands, respectively. Based on the developed site-specific allometric equations total aboveground woody biomass in the 39-year-old stand was 189 Mg·ha-1 whereas in the 43-year-old stand it was 184 Mg·ha-1. Branch biomass in both stands equaled 19.9% of total aboveground wood biomass. Total aboveground woody biomass, estimated by allometric equations published by Ter-Mikaelian and Korzukhin [1997], equaled 233 Mg·ha-1 and 228 Mg·ha-1 in the 39- and 43-year-old stands, respectively. This means that the aboveground woody biomass is overestimated by ca. 23% in comparison with biomass estimated by our site-specific allometric equation. Generally, the existing equations published by Ter-Mikaelian and Korzukhin [1997] overestimated total aboveground woody biomass and stem biomass, while branch biomass was underestimated across all tree sizes compared to directly obtained biomass data.

19

Simulation of light regimes in typical subalpine forest succession series of Eastern Tibetan Plateau

51%

Wang Q., Wu N., Luo P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 2

251-260

Natural regeneration of forest depends on the light regimes of floor. Point-based methods such as fisheye photo and radiometer can not provide a full panorama of light regime of heterogeneous forest stand. Eastern Tibetan Plateau is a major forest belt characteristic of diverse forest type and topographic differentiation. Understanding the trend of changes of light regime along succession series of forest may be helpful for the management of ecosystems. Fragmented forest patches due to tectonic activity and human intervention have made this prediction difficult. We use a spatially explicit forest stand light model (tRAYci) to simulate light distribution within forest in typical subalpine forest succession series of eastern Tibetan Plateau. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of tree distribution in the subalpine area, the forest stand can be approximated with a spatially explicit model of trees. Three typical subalpine forest stands (Sabina forest (SF), Fir forest (FF) and Birch forest (BF)) are selected in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The dominant species are sabina (Sabina saltuaria (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng), fir (Abies faxoniana Rehd. et Wils.) and birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) for each stand and they are spatially clumped in distribution. They represent old growth coniferous forest (SF, 330 years old), coniferous-broadleaved forest (FF, 180 ys) and pioneer broadleaved forest (BF, 40 ys). The parameters of the three-dimensional model of trees are calibrated with field measurements. The simulated values are generally consistent with observed values of radiation measured by radiometers installed in these stands and values derived from fisheye photos. Test failures may be caused by the incomplete submodel of crown as a gap free one. Light regimes in old growth and pioneer forest are much more heterogeneous than intermediate stages of forest. Light regimes of these forests are also reflected by the composition of understory herb layers.

20

Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and morphology of fir (Abies faxoniana, Rehd. e t Wils.) and native herbs in a treeline ecotone: an experimental approach

51%

Hou Y., Luo Z., Jenerette G. D., Qiao Y., Wang K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 2

Determining how changes in atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and climate affects growth of species is helpful for understanding plant community species shift in response to future environmental changes. In the present study, fir (Abies faxoniana) and native herbs from treeline ecotone of east Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (altitude: 3230–3300 m) were exposed to ambient CO₂ or ambient +350 μmol·mol⁻¹ CO₂ concentration in combination with ambient or ambient +2°C air temperature for two years in enclosedtop chambers. The results showed that elevated CO₂ , elevated temperature and the combination of elevated CO₂ and temperature increased biomass, height and diameter of fir compared to the control. Elevated CO₂ decreased biomass of Deyeuxia scabrescens, but increased for Fragaria orientalis and Cardamine tangutorum. Except for Fragaria orientalis, herbaceous biomass decreased by elevated temperature. The combination stimulated growth of Fragaria orientalis and Cardamine tangutorum, but suppressed for Deyeuxia scabrescens and Carex kansuensis. The results also demonstrated that elevated CO₂ and temperature increased the crown size and altered the morphology of fir, with benefits for resource capture, and did not affect growth of herbs. Larger root to shoot ratio of fir contributed the enhancement of biomass, while negatively influencing the growth of some herbs. This indicates morphological changes of trees may modify their growth responses and species around them to environmental changes. The different effects of elevated CO₂ and temperature on the growth of species in treeline ecotone suggest that climate change may alter community composition and structure.

Ograniczanie wyników

Einfluss der Kaffeebraune von Tannenkernholz auf die Qualitat des Holzrohstoffs

Detection of SNPs based on DNA specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook)

Changes of Abies alba crown state and stand quality class in the Sudety Mountains

Quantification of individual tree competition index taking Chinese-fir plantations in subtropical low hilly area as an example

Height-diameter models for mixed-species forests consisting of spruce, fir, and beech

The influence of the trunk cross section zone on the emission of VOC, chemical composition and structural parameters of fir (Abies alba Mill.)

Chemical control of Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl (Hymenoptera, Torymidae), a seed pest of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii F.)

Carpathian beech species composition of the Bieszczady National Park in the period from 1993 to 2003