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The aim of this research was to present the role and significance of financing with equity capital on individual farms in Poland. The research was carried out with the use of an interviewer questionnaire on a group of 100 farmers running individual farms as well as keeping the agricultural accounts in the FADN system. The research was conducted in the Mazowsze. Limitation of financing of the operational and investment activity only to the equity capital, in the opinion of farmers, contributes to less dynamic development of agricultural production due to a lack of sufficient equity resources for the purchase of machines and devices. The farmers included no requirements concerning warranties and guarantees in the situation of financing with a loan as the most significant advantages of financing with equity capital. Most farmers allocated the saved financial surplus to current or planned investments, assessing such financial strategy as the average level of risk. Such approach to self-financing of the activity was assessed by farmers as average in the context of the effectiveness of using equity capital.
The main objective of the study was to present the external sources of financing for tangible assets in the business of transportation companies. Primary sources, statistics and any information on websites were vital for writing the article. Study and analysis of the collected material were conducted according to the tabular-descriptive method. As transportation companies are in high demand for financing tangible assets connected with their activity, they frequently take advantage of the external financial sources. Loans and leases were compared in this study due to the fact that they are now the two main sources of external funds for investments, regularly used by entrepreneurs in Poland as well as worldwide. Both advantages and disadvantages of financing ways mentioned above were indicated. The availability of capital and its acquisition cost are essential for the expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and thus affect their level of competitiveness and market position. Choice of the right form of financing should take place after a thorough analysis of which is more advantageous for the entrepreneur as the life of any company depends on these decisions.
The role of repayable sources in financing local governments’ expenditure in rural areas in Poland was examined. The analyses showed that during years 2005-2009 the expenditure of local governments in rural areas was rising. An especially high increase was observed in 2009. The shares of the investment expenditure in total expenditure were at 20% for 2005-2008 but in 2009 it rose noticeably. The local governments use credits, loans and municipal bonds for financing expenditure. Except for 2009, the ‘new’ credits and loans financed mainly repayment of ‘old credits’, only in 2009 less than 50% of ‘new credits’ value was used for repaying old debts. The debt of local governments in rural areas rose quickly but in examined years the payments of interest were not a problem and took less than 1% of budget incomes. In the future, it can change because of the expected increase of debts and, moreover, the interest rates could rise noticeably.
W artykule została przeanalizowana efektywność ekonomiczna odnowienia środków trwałych na podstawie obliczenia wskaźnika czystego dochodu dyskontowanego (NPV). Zaproponowano rozwiązanie problemu wyboru optymalnej formy i źródła inwestowania oraz zbudowano algorytm modelowania odnowienia parku maszynowego w przedsiębiorstwie. Rozpatrzono perspektywy zastosowania ekonomiczno-matematycznego modelowania inwestycyjnego zabezpieczenia innowacyjnej wymiany wyposażenia parku maszynowego przedsiębiorstw budowlanych na Ukrainie
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