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The analysis of the revenues and expenses of the Social Insurance Fund was conducted in the paper. The revenues sources and their determinants, including number of the insured, were presented. While discussing the expenses, special attention was paid to the number of beneficiaries and the level of benefits. Between 1999 and 2012, the growth of revenues was higher than the growth of expenses. The proceeds of the SIF mostly came from the contributions, and the funds were generally allocated to the payment of benefits. In the analysed period, contribution revenues did no fully cover the SIF expenses.
Based on values of indexes describing financial standing the analyzed aggregate units (socio-economic groups of different size) were classified into classes of a similar financial position.The analysis proved that the households of self-employed people with one, two or three people and non-workmen’s households with one or two people had relatively the best situation. The households were characterised by the highest disposable income per head, the lowest percentage of people living below the thresholds of the subsistence wage and social minimum and a high rate of the percentage of cash used to satisfy higher-order needs. The pensioners’ households with three, four, five, six or more people, old age pensioners’ households with five, six or more people, farmers’ households with four, five, six or more people, workmen’s and self-employed people’s households with six or more people were in the worst financial situation. Above all, their poor situation was proved by the lowest disposable income per head and the highest share of food expenses in their budgets.
The aim of the article is to evaluate the spatial disproportions in the development of rural municipalities in relation to their financial situation with the use of a non-standard synthetic measure. The analysis in the area of finance and development of communes concerned the years 2011, 2014 and 2017. The study covered 70 rural communes in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship. Data exploration was possible due to the use of data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office and the Regional Audit Chamber. The method used in the work is a synthetic measure of development and the financial situation. Local self-government can fulfil its tasks when it is equipped with stable and efficient sources of income and an appropriate level of endogenous resources. The economic potential, infrastructure, financial resources are an important development factor. The group of communes with the best situation in terms of development was created, among others, by Sitkówka-Nowiny, Morawica and Strawczyn Communes, which are located in the Kielce district and are characterized by a good financial situation and economic potential. The research showed disproportions between rural communes characterized by an industrial function and units with a traditional agricultural function.
The primary aim of this study was to assess changes in the economic and financial status of the wood industry in Poland in the period of 2006-2013. This evaluation focused on basic economic and financial factors describing changes in the wood industry in terms of revenue, costs, financial results, sale prices, export activity, exchange rates, liquidity, debt, cost efficiency and resource productivity as well as profitability. The conducted analysis showed that after a deep crisis in the wood sector in 2008 the financial situation improved markedly in the next years. The advantageous course of changes was connected first of all with increased income and reduced general expenses, resulting in a considerable increase in yields from sales as well as returns on assets and equity. Generally, no significant changes were observed in the case of other areas and criteria applied in the evaluation of financial standing in the wood sector, i.e. liquidity, indebtedness and efficiency. However, a characteristic feature of the analyzed period was connected with a considerable increase in labor efficiency. In the years 2006-2013 labor efficiency in the timber industry increased in actual terms by as much as approx. 50%, which to a considerable degree determined the reduction of unit costs and the increase in profitability.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing energy efficiency and using more renewable energy play an important role in European Energy Policy. Rural development should rely on the efficient use of local socio – economic – environmental resources. In Hungary, energetic self-preservation is a problem for households and local governments, even though wasting energy and poverty are both characteristic of them. 29.4% of produced final energy is consumed by the residential sector, and 15% is consumed by the (local) governmental sector. Paradoxically, increased investment activity related to EU applications had a negative impact on the financial position of local governments. The main reason for this situation was a lack of local governments’ own resources to cover the payment need of EU investments. In many cases this operation failed to result in additional own revenues and significant savings in expenditures. Furthermore, in 2010, an average Hungarian household spent 6.4% more money on home maintenance and household energy (and 6% less money on food and soft drinks) than in 2000. Various steps should be taken in order to change people’s environmental or energetic approach and increase community awareness. In the results of this study, I expound three case studies to justify the mentioned facts and describe the steps needed to be taken.
The main objective of this article was to present the opportunities and threats development of small- and medium-sized enterprises. The survey showed that the most important internal factor having an impact on firm conditions is location close to sale markets and high quality of products and services. According to entrepre­neurs, market development and widening of product range are the main opportunities for development. However, the majority of entrepreneurs indicated financial barriers and competition as the greatest threats. Most of the entrepreneurs indicated low product quality, lack of product suppliers and high prices as the main internal factors worsening their firms’ financial situations.
The paper examines the impact of development of agricultural sector on performance of the cooperative banks in Poland in years 1997-2004. The levels of the agricultural development and the economic/financial situation of the banks were assessed by using country-level and regional-level aggregate indicators based on the factor analysis. The research results show that the type of region (i.e. voivodeship and macro-region) has a statistically significant impact both on the aggregate indicator of agricultural development and the aggregate indicator of banks’ performance. As for the relationship between the agricultural development level and the economic/financial situation of banks, statistically significant correlations were found only for four out of sixteen voivodeships.
The paper presents the assessment of the innovative activity of wood-processing and furniture enterprises in the years 2000-2009. Until 2008 an increase in expenditure on investment activity was observed. In the recent two years investment activity has slowed down due to economic crisis. Investment in wood processing industry was mainly aimed at technical and technological modernisation of production plants. Furniture industry is characterised with balanced approach to technical and technological investment and investment in buildings and infrastructure.
The aim of the paper is to evaluate financial situation of organic farms in the Czech Republic. The financial state is evaluated according the most used and known financial indicators of profitability and stability. Organic farms are evaluated separately as corporations and individual entrepreneurs. The results show that the profitability of organic farmers is at good level, indebtedness is low and farms do create value for their owners.
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