Changes in field communities with Illecebrum verticillatum at the north-eastern limits of the species range in Poland were recorded with the phytosociological method over the years 1994–2010. The material studied consisted of 136 phytosociological relevés which were subjected to numerical classification and ordination according to habitat gradients by the Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). Changes in communities and habitats were assessed using the following indicators: species richness, the Shannon-Weiner index of biodiversity (H), Simpson’s index of domination (C) and floristic value (FV). The values of these indicators were statistically analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test at P <0.05. Spearman’s rank correlations were calculated using Statistica 10 to determine relationships between the indicators analysed.On the basis of numerical classification 7 types of phytocoenoses were identified, representing communities at the initial and final phases of the study. At the beginning the communities included: Arnoserido-Scleranthetum with Illecebrum verticillatum, in stubble fields and Spergulario-Illecebretum verticillatum and Digitarietum ischaemi with Illecebrum verticillatum in root crops; at the end of the study they included: Vicietum tetraspermae and the community with Aperion spica-venti in cereals and the diverse, floristically common association Echinochloo-Setarietum. The communities identified reflected changes in the phytocenoses of the permanent sites due to intensification of field production. The comparison of indicators of species number, index of biodiversity and index of domination revealed significant differences. The analysis of habitat indicators according to Ellenberg demonstrated that soil temperature and moisture decreased whereas soil pH and nitrogen increased. The comparison of the taxonomic value of a species group for the association Radiolion linoidis and floristic value of communities revealed that species from the from the alliance R. linoidis were disappearing at a rapid rate.
Four tomato cultivars Macarena F₁, Faustine F₁, Cathy F₁ and Fanny F₁ were used in the study. Transplants were grown in a greenhouse. Seeds were sown at the end of March. The plants were grafted on Maxifort F₁ rootstock on April 5, 6 and 21 in the years 2006, 2007, 2008 without the use of biostimulators. In the case of the other combinations each year the following treatments with biostimulators were performed: watering with Goteo 0.1% solution (twice – 4 and 2 weeks before planting and three times after planting at three-week intervals), spraying with BM 86 0.1% solution (four times every three weeks starting at the blooming of the first cluster). In the control combination plants were untreated with biostimulators and were not grafted. Physical properties were determined and sensory analysis of tomato fruit was performed. The results showed that there was no significant influence of the applied preparations on the a*/b* value of fruits which depended mostly on the cultivars. The highest fruit firmness was obtained with BM preparation and in Faustine F₁ and Cathy F₁ cultivars. There was no significant influence of the preparations on sensory quality of fruits. Variability in sensory quality of fruits rather depended on the analyzed cultivars than on the investigated combination.
Opracowanie przedstawia stan postępu biologicznego i jego znaczenie dla produkcji rzepaku w Polsce i województwie podkarpackim. Analizowano zmiany w powierzchni zasiewów oraz porównywano plony uzyskiwane w doświadczeniach i produkcji polowej. Stwierdzono znacznie niższe plonowanie w produkcji polowej niż w doświadczeniach. Potencjalny postęp nie został więc w pełni wykorzystany. W latach 2000–2010 liczba zarejestrowanych odmian rzepaku w Polsce wzrosła ponad pięciokrotnie (z 16 w 2000 roku do 87 w 2010 roku). Średni wiek odmian wpisanych do Krajowego Rejestru (KR) wyniósł od 3,9 do 5,6 lat dla rzepaku ozimego oraz od 2,8 do 4,9 lat dla rzepaku jarego. Wskaźnik aktywności rejestracyjnej dla rzepaku ozimego był wysoki i wyniósł średnio w latach 7,5, natomiast dla formy jarej niski i wyniósł 2,0.