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This study applies a new method for utilizing wasted leather scraps after chrome and vegetable tanning. It was found that alkaline hydrolysis with high pressure results in the production of fertilizer solution with N content up to 2.8% and Cr(III) amount lower than 1000 ppm. The method is actually applied.
The yield increase of vegetables, including common onion (Alium cepa L.), is of great interest to growers. However, higher yield often leads to what is known as genetic dilution of mineral density. A technology of onion fertilization based on elemental sulfur (S0) fertilizers seems to be a simple agronomic measure preventing a decrease in the nutrient concentration in onion bulbs. To verify this hypothesis, field studies were conducted in the 2009 and 2010 seasons. A two-factorial trial consisted of five sulfur fertilizers: Sw (crude form of S0), Sm (micronized S0), SmCu (Sm enriched with copper 0.25%), SmZn (Sm enriched with zinc 0.5%), and AS (ammonium sulfate); and, as the second factor, of two doses of S: 30 and 60 kg ha-1. The NPK plot, included as an independent experimental variant, was used as the control. Yield of onion increased by 13% in response to 30 kg S ha-1, and by 44% when fertilized with 60 kg S ha-1. The yield of bulbs was significantly affected by increasing magnesium and negatively by sodium concentration. The increase in both bulb yields and dry matter content resulted in a simultaneous decrease in nutrient density, except sulfur. The strongest dilution effect was observed for sodium (-33%), iron (-19%), magnesium (-17%) and phosphorus (-16%). Such a negative development can be prevented by applying sulfur fertilizers in an appropriate form. The concentrations of N, P, K, N, and Cu responded most demonstrably to the added ammonium sulfate. The concentrations of S, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were affected by the micronized form of S0 enriched with zinc. The magnesium concentration was the highest in plants fertilized with the crude form of S0.
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Life cycle assessment of fertilizers: a review

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Life cycle assessment has become an increasingly common approach for identifying, quantifying, and evaluating the total potential environmental impact of production processes or products, from the procurement of raw materials (the ‘cradle’), to production and utilization (the ‘gates’) and their final storage (the ‘grave’), as well as for determining ways to repair damage to the environment. The paper describes life cycle assessment of mineral fertilizers. On the basis of results provided by life cycle assessment, it can be concluded that an effective strategy for protecting the environment against the harmful effects of fertilizers is to attempt to ‘seal’ the nutrient cycle on a global, regional, and local scale. Pro-environ- mental measures aim on the one hand to reduce resource utilization, and on the other hand to limit losses of nutrients, during both production and use of fertilizers. An undoubted challenge for life cycle assessment when used in agricultural production is the need for relevance at each scale.
The results of two field experiments carried out on acid (pHKCl 4.2 - 4.3) sandy loam Dystric Podzoluvisol showed that the crops sensitive to soil acidity (winter wheat, fodder beets, spring barley and mixture of clover-timothy) were more productive on limed and fertilized soil. Crops less sensitive to acidity (winter ryes, potatoes, oats and mixture of lupine-oats) have the advantage on the acid and nonfertilized soil. The all-nutrient fertilizer application (NPK) increased the yield of crops sensitive to soil acidity on limed soil by 23.1 % and that of crops less sensitive to acidity by 18.0% in comparison to the yield of crops grown in acid soil. Therefore we can grow the crops less sensitive to acidity on the acid soil using optimum rates of cattle manure. The application of recommended rates of mineral fertilizers by growing crops sensitive to acidity on limed soil is more useful. The reaction of soil solution on liming soil must be higher than 5.5 pHKCl.
The manufacturing of compound fertilizers enriched with calcium by solid component granulation using by-product of beet sugar industry – sugar factory lime (SFL) was investigated on laboratory scale. Sugar factory lime was examined by chemical, differential scanning calorimetry – thermogravimetry (DSC -TG), infrared spectroscopy (IR ) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The dependence of particle size and crushing strength on SFL content, fertilizers component ratio and recycling part of fertilizers in granulation mixture was obtained. The main physicochemical properties of fertilizers such as particle size distribution, moisture content, pH, and particle crushing strength are determined. The results of investigations show, that waste from the beet sugar industry may be used in production of compound fertilizers as a calcium source. The results obtained are important for environmental protection and plant fertilization.
On the basis of a 4-year study, the effect of maize fertilization method on the content of mineral components and the utilization of phosphorus from fertilizer were evaluated. Two methods of fertilization were used: by broadcasting and by fertilization in rows. The effect on the content of mineral components was studied by increasing the fertilization doses from 17.4 kg P ha⁻¹ to 56.7 kg P ha⁻¹ and by the application of superphosphate and ammonium phosphate. It was found that fertilization in rows combined with seed sowing increases the content of phosphorus and nitrogen and raises the percentage of phosphorus utilization from fertilizer in comparison with the fertilization by broadcasting in the initial stage of development. Ammonium phosphate exerted a better influence on the uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen by plants and on the percentage of phosphorus uptake in comparison with superphosphate.
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