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In an experiment carried out in 2006-2007, influence of different fertilizers on yield and quality of cv. Kent strawberry fruit was determined. Two combinations were tested, each consisting of 3 types of fertilizers. The control plants remained unfertilized. In both combinations, two types of multi-component fertilizers were used (T – 5% N, 5% P2O5, 15% K2O and O – 10% N, 5% P2O5, 10% K2O) as well as one rate of ammonium nitrate to provide 50 kg N ha–1 in the first combination and 70 kg N ha–1 in the second one. The usage of multi-component fertilizers, especially O type resulted in an increase of cv. Kent strawberry yield. The fruit collected from the control plants and the ones fertilized with ammonium nitrate weighed less than berries obtained from plants fertilized with multicomponent fertilizers. The treatment with multi-component fertilizers enhanced firmness as well as calcium, phosphorus and potassium content in fruit. The berries fertilized with higher rate of T fertilizer contained more soluble solids, total sugar and reducing sugar. Neither the type of fertilizers, nor their rate affected acidity, vitamin C, total phenol and magnesium content in berries. Higher antioxidant activity towards DPPH radicals was observed in fruit obtained from plants fertilized with lower and higher rate of ammonium nitrate. The lowest nitrogen content was observed for control berries. Practically, the differences regarding nitrogen content between the fruits of the first (50 kg N ha–1) and second combination (70 kg N ha–1) were negligible.
В период 1981-1983 гг. был проведен опыт охватывающий 7 удобрительных вариантов (NPK, N, Р, K, NK и PK), в которых применяли удобрение типичное для сосудных опытов, т.е. (в чистом элементе): N - 1 г, P₂O₅ - 0,8 г, K₂O - 1,2 на сосуд и в двухкратно высших количествах. Контрольный вариант оставался без удобрения. Установлено ограничивающее действие минерального удобрения (за исключением исключительно фосфорного удобрения) на всходы галинсого Масса надземных частей галинсого повышалась в гораздо высшей степени под влиянием азота, чем фосфора и калия. Внесение двойных доз удобрений приводило к снижению массы надземных частей на 31%, а корней на 27%. Усваивание основных питательных элементов галинсогой зависело от примененных удобрений (особенно калийное удобрение приводило к повышению содержания K₂O). Также количество питательных элементов в почве после уборки галинсого показывало тесную связь с видом и уровнем удобрения.
The paper presents results of multivariate analyses assessing variation in quantitative traits after the application of nitrogen and magnesium rates in cultivation of two types of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, i.e. ES Palazzo and the stay-green ES Paroli. The purpose of this study was to assess the multivariate phenotypic variation of 16 objects which are a combination of four nitrogen doses, two doses of magnesium and two varieties characterized by varying the rate of aging. Observations were conducted for eight traits: plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, ear volume, the number of plants after emergence, the number of plants before harvest, plant loss rates in the vegetation period, observed in the course of three years (2009-2011). Statistical analysis of results was performed using the multivariate methods. Analysis of canonical variables proved to be a reliable tool providing a comprehensive assessment of variation in the effect of urea and magnesium fertilisation combinations on many traits simultaneously. The most variable treatments were A2B2C2 (50 kg N ha-1, 25 kg MgO ha-1 for ES Paroli SG) and A4B2C1 (150 kg N ha-1, 25 kg MgO ha-1 for ES Palazzo). The most similar treatments (in terms of eight traits treated jointly) included A2B2C2 (50 kg N ha-1, 25 kg MgO ha-1 for ES Paroli SG) and A3B2C2 (100 kg N ha-1, 25 kg MgO ha-1 for ES Paroli SG). Mahalanobis distances between individual treatments in individual years of observations were positive and correlated statistically significantly.
Biofertilizers are becoming increasingly popular in many countries and for many crops, but very few studies on their effect on growth in seedling stage have been conducted in rice. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions due to organic manure, fertilizers and bio fertilizers were observed in all experiments. The treatments such as organic manure, chemical fertilizers and Biofertilizers alone and in combination were applied. The growth parameters viz. germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight were measured. Similarly the pigment contents such as chlorophyll-a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were also measured at seventh day after sowing. All the parameters were higher in combined application of Biofertilizers than in single application and other treatments including control.
Nitrogen fertilization of soya bean is usually limited to the starter rate. This results from the ability to plant self-supply in atmospheric nitrogen, thanks to symbiosis with nodule bacteria from the genus Bradyrhizobium japonicum. These bacteria do not occur commonly in Polish soils. Therefore it is of great importance to inoculate seed material of soya bean with the bacterial inoculant – Nitragina. In 2011-2013 a strict field experiment was conducted located at the Experimental Station of Varietal Testing in Przecław. The test plant was soya bean of the cultivar Aldana. The following factors were taken into consideration in the one-factorial experiment: the control, Nitragina, the starter rate of nitrogen (25 kg·ha⁻¹), Nitragina with the starter rate of nitrogen (25 kg·ha⁻¹). The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of application of Nitragina and nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition of soya bean seeds. It was found that the used starter rate of nitrogen had a significant effect on increase in the total protein content in seeds as compared with the control. The ash content increased after the application of the bacterial inoculant – Nitragina. Significant differences in the amino acid composition of soya bean seeds were found only after the combined application of nitrogen fertilization and Nitragina. The seeds then contained the most glutamic acid and methionine and less cysteine. Nitrogen fertilization and the inoculant Nitragina did not have an effect on the content of crude fat, fibre, macroelements, zinc and copper in soya bean seeds. The application of Nitragina with the starter rate of nitrogen increased the iron content as compared with the content determined in seeds of plants fertilized with nitrogen. Manganese concentration decreased after the combined application of Nitragina with the starter rate of nitrogen, as compared with seeds harvested from the control.
Микроделяночный опыт был заложен в 1971 г. на почве образованной из рыхлого песка. Из этой почвы, в результате её измельчения получали субстрат, содержащий 87% илистых частиц, который добавляли в количествах: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% и 30% веса в слое 0 - 25 см. Применяли два уровня органического удобрения, а с 1976 г. дифференцировали также минеральное удобрение (1 NPK, 20 т/га стойлового навоза и 2 NPK 40 т/га стойлового навоза). Целью исследований являлось сравнение приданных почве свойств и полученных урожаев непосредственно после докладки опыта и через продолжительное время её использования. Установлено, что приданный почве механический состав верхнего слоя и водный режим не изменились. Выступили значительные изменения химических свойств, а за 12 лет увеличилось содержание гумуса с 0,94% до 1,25%. Отмечено также обеднение почвы питательными элементами. Урожаи растений в зависимости от прибавки измельченной почвы были выше на 10,0% до 18,6% (зерновых от 18,4% до 22,9% и кормовых культур от 17% до 41%).
The investigations were carried out in 20022005, on proper grey-brown podsoilic soil originating from light loam (class IIIa in the soil valuation system, very good rye complex), on the basis of a two-factor experiment established in 1986 according to the random block design with four replications. The arable horizon of the soil, before the experiment, was characterized by slightly acidic reaction (pH1 mol KCl dm-3 was 6.2) and the concentrations of available nutrients were as follows: 100.0 mg K, 53.2 mg Mg and 41.3 mg P kg-1 of soil. Soil samples for chemical tests were collected from the arable layer after harvesting crops grown in a rotation: sugar beet, spring barley, maize and spring wheat. The content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium were determined by Egner-Riehm method (DL), and that of manganese using Schachtschabel’s method. The purpose of the study has been to determine the influence of mineral fertilization with or without FYM on the content of available macronutrients in soil. The statistical analysis of the results have shown a significant influence of manure on the level of available P, K and Mg in the tested soil. When both FYM and mineral fertilizers were introduced to soil, its abundance in available magnesium was 2.6-fold higher than after mineral fertilization alone had been applied. FYM raised nearly 3-fold the content of available forms of potassium in soil compared to the content found when only mineral fertilization was used.
Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu nawożenia nawozami mineralnymi, obornikiem od trzody chlewnej i komunalnymi osadami ściekowymi na plon i niektóre wskaźniki jakości ziarna pszenicy jarej. Badania prowadzone były w warunkach doświadczenia polowego przez 3 lata. W badaniach, oprócz plonu suchej masy ziarna oraz masy tysiąca ziaren, określano zawartość azotu ogólnego, białka ogólnego, siarki, a także zawartość cysteiny, metioniny i lizyny. W przeprowadzonych badaniach wykazano mniejszy wpływ na plon ziarna pszenicy nawożenia osadem ściekowym z oczyszczalni biologicznej oraz obornikiem, natomiast nawożenie osa-dem z oczyszczalni mechaniczno-biologicznej przyczyniło się do uzyskania plonu istotnie większego, porównywalnego z ilością ziarna, jaką uzyskano w obiekcie, w którym zastosowano wyłącznie nawożenie nawozami mineralnymi. Istotnie lepiej wypełnione było ziarno pszenicy z obiektu, w którym zastosowano komunalny osad ściekowy z oczyszczalni mechaniczno-biologicznej. Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic w zawartości azotu i siarki w ziarnie pszenicy nawożonej azotem, fosforem i potasem w formie nawozów mineralnych, a zawartością tego pierwiastka w ziarnie pszenicy z obiektów, w których do nawożenia zastosowano obornik lub komunalne osady ściekowe. Stosowanie osadów ściekowych w umiarkowanych dawkach zgodnych z zapotrzebowaniem roślin na składniki pokarmowe nie spowodowało pogorszenia wartości biologicznej plonu.
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