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Contemporary anatomical studies require reliable methods for determining foetal age. Menstrual age is often found to be inadequate. A combination of several anatomical features showing age-dependency may result both in exact age approximation and pathology detection. The authors compared the manual foot length measurements with the ultrasound femur and humerus length measurements of aborted foetuses in the calculation of foetal age. The correlation between femur length and foot length as well as humerus length and foot length were statistically significant. The expected value formulae for foot length are presented. The authors conclude that foetal age assessment based on foot length metering is reliable before the 7th calendar month of pregnancy and correlates with ultrasound measurements of the humerus and femur.
This report describes the treatment of osetomyelitis of the femur of 9-month-old dog with the use of heterologous carbonated nanocrystal bone mineral and collagen, stabilised by a bone plate. In this dog, due to mistakes during earlier stabilisation, bone infection and sequestration had arisen. After antibiotic therapy, plating stabilisation was carried out. Osteosynthesis with the use of dynamic compression plate and heterologous carbonated nanocrystal bone mineral and collagen was an effective method of stabilisation, which led to the bone healing. Clinical significance: Heterologous carbonated nanocrystal bone mineral and collagen in preparation OsteoBiol turned out to be an effective material in the treatment of the lack of bone. The clinical case outlined is the first notification, which describes the applying of the preparation in therapy of osetomyelitis of the femur in a dog.
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Femora referable to metatherians and eutherians recovered from the Bissekty Formation, Dzharakuduk, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan (90 Mya), are described. Fourteen isolated specimens were sorted based on size and morphology into groups that likely correspond to the species level or higher. Groups were then tentatively assigned to taxa known from teeth, petrosals, and/or other postcrania at these localities. One distal femur of a small arboreal metatherian, and several eutherian distal femora that probably represent zhelestids and/or zalambdalestids were identified. With the exception of one proximal femur that is similar in some aspects to the zalambdalestid Barunlestes, and a previously described multituberculate specimen, all other proximal femora from the Bissekty Formation exhibit a metatherian−like morphology. The dental record currently suggests the presence of twelve eutherian species and only one metatherian at Dzharakuduk, whereas the humeral and crurotarsal evidence supports the presence of at least two or four metatherian species, respectively. Given the sample size of the proximal femora, the morphological diversity present, and the overwhelming presence of eutherians at these localities, it is highly unlikely that the overwhelming majority of proximal femora actually represent metatherians. Therefore, this sample may suggest that the metatherian proximal femoral condition is primitive for Theria and that some eutherian taxa (probably including Zhelestidae, which are dentally most abundant at these localities) retain this condition.
The purpose of the study was to analyse the occurrence of the third trochanter and its correlation with the morphology of the human femur. The third trochanter was found in 38 of 622 (6.2%) human femora taken from 3 excavation sites. 36 of these were included in the study and were compared to the femora without the third trochanter. The bones with the third trochanter were characterised by a greater superior sagittal diameter and diaphysis platymetry index as well as a larger greater trochanter. These results suggest that the third trochanter is not a progressive morphological feature of the skeleton. Rather it is connected with an altered gluteal muscle function.
We describe a nearly complete mammalian femur from the Middle Jurassic (upper Bathonian) from Peski quarry, situated some 100 km south east of Moscow, central Russia. It is similar to the femora of Morganucodontidae in having a globular femoral head, separated from the greater trochanter and reflected dorsally, fovea capitis present, both trochanters triangular and located on the same plane, distal end flat, mediolaterally expanded, and somewhat bent ventrally, and in the shape and proportions of distal condyles. It is referred to as Morganucodontidae gen. et sp. indet. It is the first representative of this group of mammals in Eastern Europe from the third Mesozoic mammal locality discovered in Russia. Exquisite preservation of the bone surface allowed us to reconstruct partial hind limb musculature. We reconstruct m. iliopsoas as inserting on the ridge, which starts at the lesser trochanter and extends along the medial femoral margin for more than half of the femur length. On this basis we conclude that the mode of locomotion of the Peski morganucodontid was similar to that of modern echidnas. During the propulsive phase the femur did not retract and the step elongation was provided by pronation of the femur.
The experiment was performed on piglets, divided into control and experimental groups The experimental group received orally, from the birth to the 35th d of life, 0.4 g/kg b.w. /d of L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (Ala-Gln). One week after weaning the piglets were killed and the small intestine and bones were sampled for histological analyses. Measurements of bone physical and geometric properties were performed according to Ferreti method. The mineral density was analysed by the DEXA method. Ala-Gin treated piglets had a higher body weight at the 35 d of age compared to that of the control piglets. Mucosa thickness, villus length, and crypt depth in the jejunum of the piglets showed higher values compared to controls. In Ala-Gin treated piglets bone physical and geometric parameters and mineral density were significantly higher, and the bone structure revealed a shift in its organisation and mineralization process. In conclusion, oral administration of Ala-Gln protects the piglets from body weight loss and intestinal hypotrophy correlated with weaning and preserved the normal development of the femora during the post-weaning period.
In 34 human embryos of 7th and 8th week the length of femur and tibia was measured. It was shown that the length of femur increased from 2.65 mm to 5.l0 mm during investigated period . These values for tibia were 2.09 mm and 3.21 mm.
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of [D-Lys3]-growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6), an antagonist of GHS-R1a, on the growth performance and properties of bone tissue in rats. The studies were performed on 12 male Wistar rats, divided into two equal groups. Control rats received 0.5 ml of physiological saline, while experimental rats received intragastrically 100 nmol/kg b.w. of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 once a day, throughout 4 weeks. After that time, the animals were subjected to euthanasia. tBMC, tBMD, lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) contents were measured using DEXA methods. Plasma level of total ghrelin was also measured. The quality of the femur and tibia was estimated based on their weight, length, BMC, and BMD. [D- Lys3]-GHRP-6 decreased final body weight, LM content, and tBMD, and significantly reduced bone weight and BMC as compared to the control group. No significant differences were noted in bone length and BMD. Plasma level of total ghrelin was significantly higher after the treatment. We concluded that the intragastric treatment with [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 negatively influenced the growth performance and properties of bone in rats. Therefore, ghrelin probably achieves effect in bone by acting on its specific receptor GHS-R1a.
Badano wpływ skrobi opornej RS4 na zawartość wapnia w osoczu krwi i kości udowej oraz na jego absorpcję i retencję pozorną u szczurów doświadczalnych. Stwierdzono, że zastosowana w dietach skrobia RS4 nie miała wpływu na stężenie wapnia w osoczu krwi szczurów, natomiast zawartość tego pierwiastka w kości udowej oraz jego absorpcja i retencja pozorna były statystycznie istotnie wyższe u szczurów karmionych dietami z dodatkiem tej skrobi niż u szczurów karmionych dietami bez skrobi.
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