Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

On health problems and eating habits of office workers

100%

Romankow J., Hyzyk A. K.

Food Science and Technology. Scientific Papers of Agricultural University of Poznan

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2000

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tom 04

2

Feeding habits of Merluccius merluccius L. and its variability factors in the Moroccan Atlantic Sea

86%

Abdellaoui S., Masski H., Tai I., Labriyaj K., El Halouani H.

Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences

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2014

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tom 04

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nr 1

3

Why are shrews so small? The costs and benefits of small size in Northern temperate Sorex species in the context of foraging habits and prey supply

86%

Churchfield S.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

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2002

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tom 47

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nr 1

This paper reviews the ecological advantages and disadvantages of very small body size in Sorex Linnaeus, 1758 shrews living at high latitudes with cold winters. It examines the feeding and foraging habits of small and large shrews in the context of prey supply, location of winter prey sources, territory requirements, habitat exploitation and inter-specific competition. Data on feeding habits and prey availability show that the major costs of small size are a reduction in food niche breadth and prey biomass resulting from restrictions on the type and size of prey eaten, and large territory requirements. Major benefits of small size are the ability to subsist on small, numerous and accessible arthropods with high encounter rates, enabling coexistence with larger congeners and exploitation of low-productivity habitats less suitable for larger earthworm-eating species. Small size, coupled with low per capita food intake, is shown to be of special adaptive value in cold winters when food supply is restricted mostly to small arthropods, and earthworms are few.

4

Seasonal variation in feeding habits and diet selection by wild boars in a semi-arid environment of Argentina

72%

Cuevas M. F., Ojeda R. A., Dacar M. A., Jaksic F. M.

Acta Theriologica

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2013

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tom 58

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nr 1

The wild boar, Sus scrofa, was first introduced for hunting purposes in Argentina in 1906 and presently occupies a wide range of habitats. Understanding the food habits of invasive species is important for predicting the effects of animal food consumption on the environment and on human activities, such as farming. The wild boar is an omnivorous, opportunistic species whose diet is determined by the relative abundance of different types of foods. In general, the wild boar’s diet has been widely studied in the world, both as a native and invasive species, but little is known regarding food resource selection in the Monte Desert biome. Our study assessed the seasonal variation in the diet of wild boars, as well as the nutritional quality of consumed items. Further, we determined the diet selection of this species. Diet analyses were based on faecal samples collected over two seasons (wet and dry) in 1 year. Herbs were the most frequently consumed food item, with wild boars showing a selection for them in both seasons. The wild boar uses food resources according to seasonal availability (larger trophic niche breadth under higher plant diversity, as in the wet season). In turn, within each season, it selects items of high forage quality and high carbohydrate contents. In conclusion, this foraging strategy enables wild boar to maximize energy budget through food selection in order to survive in a semi-arid environment such as the Monte Desert.

5

Food and feeding habits of the blackspotted smooth-hound, Mustelus punctulatus (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae), from the northern Adriatic

72%

Lipej L., Mavric B., Resek S., Cherif M., Capape C.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

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2011

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tom 41

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nr 3

Background. The blackspotted smooth-hound, Mustelus punctulatus Risso, 1826, has been regularly caught in the northern Adriatic Sea, although a decreasing trend in its catches was observed off the coast of Slovenia within the last decade. The knowledge of feeding behaviour of elasmobranch fish species, through understanding of the local food web structure, contributes to better and more efficient fish stock assessment and ecosystem modelling. This study is a first step in determining the prey consumption by the blackspotted smooth-hound in the area. Materials and methods. A total of 151 blackspotted smooth-hounds caught by commercial fishermen in the Gulf of Trieste from 4 June 2002 to 4 June 2003 were examined in this study. The stomach contents were removed, sorted and identified to the lowest possible taxon using identification keys. Preys were counted and weighed. Frequency of occurrence (F%), relative abundance (N%), the percentage by weight (W%), the Index of Relative Importance (IRI), and its standardized value (%IRI) were calculated following standard procedures. For comparing the diet between four different size classes we calculate average prey weight, dietary diversity, average meal, and trophic level for each size class. Results. Atotal of 130 fish stomachs contained prey items.Crustaceanswere themost important prey items (IRI%= 56.14), whereas cephalopods were the second mostly preyed animals (IRI% = 20.2). Teleost fish and bivalves were also found in the stomachs. The most important prey species was Solecurtus strigillatus. Larger sharks consumed larger preys. Male and female sharks consumed similar food. Juvenile individuals consumed predominantly crustaceans, while cephalopods were more important in the diet of adult individuals. The calculated trophic index (TROPH) of M. punctulatus from northern Adriatic Sea was 3.7, showing that it is a highly carnivorous species. Conclusion. This study is a first step in determining prey consumption by Mustelus punctulatus which is, despite the fact that is still common in the area, a rather poorly known species. For elucidating the role of benthic sharks in the study area the further step would be to study the diet of a closely related common smooth-hound M. mustelus.

6

Feeding habits of the Eurasian lynx in the Swiss Jura Mountains determined by faecal analysis

72%

Weber J. M., Weissbrodt M.

Acta Theriologica

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1999

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tom 44

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nr 3

The feeding habits of the Eurasian lynx were investigated in the Swiss Jura Mountains. Fifty one food items were identified in 38 scats of which most were collected on lynx tracks. Wild ungulates - roe deer and chamois - contributed 47.1% of the overall diet, while hare and rodents represented 19.6% and 17.6% of the prey items.

7

Feeding habits of guanacos Lama guanicoe in the high Andes of North-Central Chile

72%

Cortes A., Miranda E., Rau J. R., Jimenez J. E.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 2

The guanaco Lama guanicoe Muller, 1776 has a wide distribution along the Andes and Patagonia. We studied the feeding behaviour of a guanaco population that lives over 4100 m altitude in the Andes of north-central Chile. By contrasting the diet of guanacos during a dry year with that of a wet year and comparing it with the plant availabilities in the field, we tested the hypothesis that the guanaco is a generalist herbivore. We predicted that under such extreme habitat conditions guanacos should consume whatever plant species are available in the environment, especially in a dry year, when vegetation is scarcer. In addition, we compared its diet at three different age classes. We estimated the diet through the microhistological analysis of plant remains found in guanaco pellets collected during January of 1997 (ie after a dry year) and 1998 (ie after a wet year; 41 vs 495 mm, respectively). Then, we computed dietary preferences, food niche-breadth, and food-niche overlap between years and among age classes. Vegetation cover and plant species richness were higher during the wet than during the dry year. The most common plants in the environment were perennial graminoids and legumes. Contrary to our prediction, the guanaco preferred a few plant species, showing a relatively narrow diet breadth that changed little between years differing in plant abundances. The diet proportions differed among the three age classes, however. Our data indicate that at least in this high-elevation population, guanacos are selective and non-opportunistic herbivores. This specialized feeding behaviour is puzzling given the energetic demands of living in a harsh environment with low availabilities of resources. The hypothesis that this is due to the lower palatability of the plants not eaten, remains to be tested.

8

Food and feeding habits of Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus from the coastal Mediterranean water off Alexandria

72%

Hamza A. K., Mohamed N. I., El-Serafy S. S.

Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii

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2000

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tom 47

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nr 2

9

Influence of livestock grazing on the capybara's trophic niche and forage preferences

72%

Quintana R. D.

Acta Theriologica

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2002

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tom 47

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nr 2

Trophic niche parameters and forage preferences of capybara Hydrochaeris hydro- chaeris Linnaeus, 1766 were studied at three areas of east-central Argentina: Lower Delta Islands (LDI), only capybara present; Puerto Constanza (PC), capybara and cattle, and Villaguay (VI), capybara, cattle and sheep. Significant correlation was found in the annual botanical composition of capybara faeces at LDI and PC, but no correlation was found between faecal composition at these two areas and those at VI. The narrowest trophic niche corresponded to LDI, while the widest corresponded to VI, with significant differences in the values among the three areas. Capybara consumed Carex riparia, Cynodon dactylon and Panicum grumosum in LDI, and P. milioides in VI in proportion greater than availability. Three and eight food items were consumed less than availability in VI and PC, respectively. The greater the species number and density of livestock animals, the more generalist the behavior of capybara, possibly due to direct interaction in the use of grazing resources. Changes in availability of foraging species may influence the capybara's preference patterns and the consumption of suboptimal feeding items may indicate a greater pressure on foraging resources in the areas where capybaras share their habitat with livestock.

10

Feeding habits, fine structure and microhabitat preference of Euthyplocia hecuba [Hagen, 1861][Ephemeroptera: Euthyplociidae] nymphs from Honduras

58%

Fenoglio S., Bo T., Czekaj A., Rosciszewska E.

Folia Biologica

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 1-2

43-49

11

Food and feeding habits of the red mullet, Mullus barbatus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Mullidae), off the northern Tunisian coast (central Mediterranean)

58%

Cherif M., Ben Amor M. M., Selmi S., Gharbi H., Missaoui H., Capape C.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

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2011

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tom 41

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nr 2

Background. The red mullet, Mullus barbatus L., is abundantly captured and targeted throughout the year in Tunisian waters but not all aspects of its biology have been studied well. One of them—the feeding behaviour of this fish may be important for stock assessment, ecosystem modelling, and understanding mechanism and processes which structure and influence the fish assemblages. The aim of this paper is to describe the diet of specimens from the northern coast of Tunisia, to analyse seasonal variations in its composition and to delineate feeding intensity in relation to sex and size. Materials and methods. Red mullet were sampled from different landing sites along the northern Tunisian coast and the Gulf of Tunis. Random samples were taken from both commercial and demersal trawlers from January to December 2005. A total of 472 specimens were examined following the commonly accepted procedures. The following parameters were analysed: vacuity index, percentage frequency of occurrence, percentage numerical abundance, percentage gravimetric composition, and index of relative importance. The trophic level for any consumer species was calculated, for total sample, but also in related to size, sex, and season. Results. Mullus barbatus mainly fed on crustaceans and polychaetes. According to the classification of fishes in functional groups based on their TROPH red mullet is an omnivorous feeder, animal species being preferential preys. Basing on data assembled by Stergiou and Karpouzi for the Mediterranean ichthyofauna, the estimated trophic levels for the red mullet ranged between 2.79 and 3.57 units. Such within-species differences in trophic levels might reflect the combined effect of the following factors: area, year, length structure, and differential fishing pressure between years and/or areas, because fishing removes the largest individuals of a species, which generally have higher trophic levels. Conclusion. The red mullet is not only omnivorous, but also opportunistic feeder with trophic level related to body size, season, geographic area and fishing pressure.

12

Age, sex and body weight structure of red foxes in Wielkopolska

58%

Labudzki L., Kozlowski K.

Forestry

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2001

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tom 04

13

Feeding habits of three sympatric mammals in NE Spain: the American mink, the spotted genet, and the Eurasian otter

58%

Melero Y., Palazon S., Bonesi L., Gosalbez J.

Acta Theriologica

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2008

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tom 53

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nr 3

Diet composition, niche measures, and prey consumption of three sympatric species of carnivores, one non-native and introduced, the American minkNeovison vison Schreber, 1777, and two native, the spotted genetGenetta genetta Linnaeus, 1758 and the Eurasian otterLutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758, were studied in a Spanish Mediterranean area. The study was based on the analysis of prey remains in the faeces of the predators. Faeces of mink (n = 444), genet (n = 310), and otter (n = 108) were collected all year round for four years along the Llobregat (21 km) and Gavarresa rivers (12 km). Simultaneously, and in the same area, prey species density and weight were estimated by means of trapping. The diet of mink and genet was dominated by the American crayfishProcambarus clarkii, while the otter fed almost exclusively on fish. Compared to the mink, the genet seemed to specialise more on small mammals while the mink specialised more on aquatic birds, especially in autumn-winter. Niche overlap was higher between mink and genet than between either of them and the otter.

14

On the distribution and biology of roughscale sole Clidoderma asperrimum [Temminck et Schlegel, 1846] in the Pacific waters off the Northern Kuril Islands and Southeastern Kamchatka

58%

Tokranov A. M., Orlov A. M.

Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Institute

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2003

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nr 2

15

Feeding habits and trophic niche overlap in a Carnivora community of Hungary

58%

Lanszki J., Kormendi S., Hancz C., Zalewski A.

Acta Theriologica

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1999

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tom 44

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nr 4

The seasonal feeding habits of the red fox Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758), the stone marten Martes foina (Erxleben, 1777), the stoat Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, the badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) and the otter Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) were studied in south-west Hungary, in the course of four years. The habitat conditions, because of human influences, were different in the first and second two years. Diet was examined by scat analysis (238, 262, 67, 50 and 1033 samples, respectively). Small mammals, mainly rodents, were the most important prey for foxes, stone martens and stoats in winter and spring. In summer and autumn insects and fruit were added to fox and marten diet, while birds were added to stoat diet. The badger's main food resources were invertebrates (mainly insects) and maize and, in autumn, rodents. Domestic animals (mainly poultry and rabbit) occurred in the diet of the foxes and martens in all seasons, carcasses (mainly Cervidae) in the diet of these predators and in that of the badgers. The predominant prey of otters was fish, but when the abundance of fish declined, the consumption of amphibians increased. Predation on game birds and hare was not significant. In all seasons, niche overlap was high between foxes, martens and stoats. Niche overlap between these species and the badger increased from spring to autumn. Niche overlap between terrestrial predators and the otter was low. The diet of predators were different between the 1st and 2nd periods.

16

Seasonal variation in the feeding habits of riparian mustelids in river valleys of NE Belarus

58%

Sidirovich V. E.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 2

In 1986-1997, diet composition of the native riparian mustelids: the otter Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758), the European mink Mustela lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761), the polecat M. putorius (Linnaeus, 1758), and the naturalized one, the American mink M. uison (Schreber, 1777) was studied in relation to seasonal changes of the habitats (the Lovat river, NE Belarus). Amphibians, fish, crayfish, small mammals, and birds appeared the essential prey resources supporting the guild of riparian mustelids. In the river valleys, the two mink species and polecat were characterized by opportunistic feeding habits, whereas the otters specialised on fish. In spring and autumn, frogs were important prey to all mustelids studied. The trophic niches of the two mink species were wider than those of the otter and the polecat. In the seasonally changing environmental conditions, the American mink appeared a more opportunistic predator than the European mink. Food niches of the three native mustelids overlapped notably less with each other (Pianka's a from 0.24 to 0.70) than with the American mink (a from 0.60 to 0.89). The obtained data suggest that in river valley habitats the naturalized American mink may be a strong competitor for prey with the native riparian mustelids, especially the European mink and the polecat.

17

Studies on the ecology of the African longfin tetra, Brycinus longipinnis Gunther, 1864 in the Jamieson River [Niger Delta, Nigeria]

58%

Ikomi R. B., Sikoki F. D.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

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2003

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tom 33

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nr 1

Background. African longfin tetra, Brycinus longipinnis Günther, 1864, an ornamental fish, commonly occurs in a number of African rivers. The aim of the present paper was to describe elements of ecology of this fish, not hitherto studied in the Niger River delta. Materials and Methods. The fish were sampled monthly in the Jamieson River (tributary of the Benin River, the Niger delta) during dry and wet season at four stations (1994-1995). Length, weight, sex, fecundity, and food records were collected. Methods (parameters and coefficients) used (calculated) in data processing include: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Fulton condition factor, gonadosomatic index. Results. B. longipinnis was a dominant characid (49.0%) in the Jamieson River. It occurred in all stretches of the river throughout the year with peak abundance during the rainy season. The length frequency distribution pattern was leptokurtotic and the growth pattern was allometric for the males and isometric for the females and immature specimens. Condition factor fluctuated with season and increased with individual length of fish irrespective of sex. K-values were significantly higher in males. B. longipinnis was a mesopredator and fed mainly on insects. Fecundity estimates ranged between 160 and 1130 and about 2.26% of its body weight was utilized in egg production. Breeding activities occurred throughout the year. Conclusion. The present study contributes important data on ecology of Brycinus longipinnis living in the particular habitat of the Jamieson River, Nigeria.

18

Feeding habits of Pacific black halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides matsuurae Jordan et Snyder, 1901 and Kamchatka flounder Atheresthes evermanni Jordan et Starks, 1904 in the Western North Pacific

58%

Orlov A. M., Moukhametov I. N.

Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Institute

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2004

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nr 1

Ograniczanie wyników

On health problems and eating habits of office workers

Feeding habits of Merluccius merluccius L. and its variability factors in the Moroccan Atlantic Sea

Why are shrews so small? The costs and benefits of small size in Northern temperate Sorex species in the context of foraging habits and prey supply

Seasonal variation in feeding habits and diet selection by wild boars in a semi-arid environment of Argentina

Food and feeding habits of the blackspotted smooth-hound, Mustelus punctulatus (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae), from the northern Adriatic

Feeding habits of the Eurasian lynx in the Swiss Jura Mountains determined by faecal analysis

Feeding habits of guanacos Lama guanicoe in the high Andes of North-Central Chile

Food and feeding habits of Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus from the coastal Mediterranean water off Alexandria

Influence of livestock grazing on the capybara's trophic niche and forage preferences

Feeding habits, fine structure and microhabitat preference of Euthyplocia hecuba [Hagen, 1861][Ephemeroptera: Euthyplociidae] nymphs from Honduras

Food and feeding habits of the red mullet, Mullus barbatus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Mullidae), off the northern Tunisian coast (central Mediterranean)

Age, sex and body weight structure of red foxes in Wielkopolska

Feeding habits of three sympatric mammals in NE Spain: the American mink, the spotted genet, and the Eurasian otter

On the distribution and biology of roughscale sole Clidoderma asperrimum [Temminck et Schlegel, 1846] in the Pacific waters off the Northern Kuril Islands and Southeastern Kamchatka

Feeding habits and trophic niche overlap in a Carnivora community of Hungary

Seasonal variation in the feeding habits of riparian mustelids in river valleys of NE Belarus

Studies on the ecology of the African longfin tetra, Brycinus longipinnis Gunther, 1864 in the Jamieson River [Niger Delta, Nigeria]

Feeding habits of Pacific black halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides matsuurae Jordan et Snyder, 1901 and Kamchatka flounder Atheresthes evermanni Jordan et Starks, 1904 in the Western North Pacific