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Meat quality of fattening pigs fed yellow lupin-based diets. The 30 crossbred pigs [(Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc] were fattened in 3. phase fattening period. In their nutrition as a source of protein was used soybean meal (Group C) or soybean meal and seeds of yellow lupine in the amount of 7.5% (Group E1) and 15% (Group E2). After achieving body weight of about 117.5 kg animals were slaughtered. The samples of Musculus longissimus lumborum collected from all slaughtered pigs. Significant differences were found in drip loss percentage between groups C and E1 (P ≤0.05). As regards the fatty acids, there were lower proportions of C18:2 in group E1 vs C (P ≤0.05) and of C18:2 and C20:4 in group E2 vs C (P ≤0.01). Differences in PUFA percentage, PUFA/SFA ratio, and proportion of n-6 fatty acids were significant, with lower values of the traits in group E1 vs C (P ≤0.05) and in group E2 vs C (P ≤0.01), which shows that the dietetic value of pork has slightly deteriorated. The chemical composition and the physical parameters of the meat samples were normal and at a similar level in all the groups.
The purpose of the work was to determine the effect of the fi bre content in the mixture on morphometric traits of intestinal epithelium of fatteners. In one-phase fattening, 14 crossbred pigs were classifi ed into two groups and ad libitum fed the mixtures, differing in the composition and nutritional value, including the level of crude fi bre (control group – C – 3.4%; experimental group – E – 12%) but with the maintained energy-protein ratio (1 : 13). At the age of 180 days, the fattening was completed; the weight of the pigs from C group was equal to ca. 100 kg and that one of the pigs from group E was by ca. 26 kg lower. The rate of growth of pigs from group E as compared to the animals from group C was slower (P ≤ 0.01). After slaughter, morphometric evaluation of the scrapes from the following three segments of the small intestine was carried out: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. There was found a lower mitosis index (the number of divisions per one crypt) of the intestinal epithelium cells of the pigs from group E as compared to group C (duodenum, P ≤ 0.01). The height of the epithelial cells in crypts and depth of crypts in three examined segments of small intestine (D, J, I) was higher in group E vs. group C (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01), whereas the villus height was lower in group E vs. group C. The fi bre level in the mixture affected the direction and level of changes in the examined indicators, characterizing the morphometric traits of intestinal epithelium.
The effect of the use of the emulgator Lysoforte was investigated in the 33 days” experiment on piglets. Piglets weaned at the age of 28 days were divided into two groups - experiment (E) and control (C) - 10 piglets in each. In E group Lysoforte was fed as an additive (1 kg/ton) to the commercial mixture ČOS without growth promoters. The live weight and feed consumption were recorded individually. At the end of the first week of the experiment the piglets” faeces were collected during two days to determine the digestibility of dry matter, nitrogenous substances, fibre, fat,organic matter and ash by means of a calculation of the proportion of ash insoluble in HCl. There was no effect of Lysoforte on the daily gain of piglets (C = 339 g, E = 342 g), but the feed intake per kg live weight gain was found lower (C = 1.899, E = 1.770 kg). The digestibility of all proximate feed components was found higher in E piglets - the inter-group difference for dry and organic matter reached approx. 5%, those for fibre, nitrogenous substances and ash from 9.5 to 13.4 %, and 49% for fat. The economic evaluation proved the return of increased expenses per 1 kg of the feeding mixture by adding Lysoforte from 14.40 to 14.60 CZK/kg. The cost of feed per 1 kg live weight gain was reduced by 5.5% (C = 27.346, E = 25.842 CZK).
Owing to its high protein and low fat content, turkey meat is regarded as dietetic. It also has a beneficial composition in terms of amino acid and mineral content. The study involved an analysis of selected elements: zinc, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus in breast muscles of male turkeys BIG 6 fed on fodder with various content of oatmeal (0%; 5% and 10%). The content of selected elements was determined in previously mineralised samples: zinc, magnesium and calcium – by AAS, using a UNICAM 939AAA Solar flame atomic absorption spectrometer; sodium and potassium – by flame photometry with a Carl Zeiss Jena FLAPHO 4 flame photometer, and phosphorus – by colorimetric measurement with the hydroquinone reagent at a wavelength of 610 nm. The results were processed with a single- factor analysis of variance with the Statistica 8pl computer program, and the significance of differences was determined with Duncan’s test. Oatmeal application in the analysed doses in turkey feeding has been shown to reduce the content of the elements under study in turkey meat. The differences for the analysed elements have not been shown to be statistically significant (P = 0.05), except for sodium, whose content – unlike that of other elements – grew with the oatmeal content in the fodder
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Meat quality in pigs fed mixtures with low-tannin faba bean. The aim of the study was to evaluate slaughter values of carcasses and meat (M. longissimus lumborum, M. semimembranosus) quality in pigs fed mixtures with faba beans. Research included 48 fatteners, which were divided into three feeding groups. Pigs in group I were fed mixtures in which extracted soybean meal was used as the only high-protein raw material, whereas animals in groups II and III were fed mixtures with 5/10% or 10/20% of low-tannin faba bean in grower/ finisher mixtures respectively. It was proved, that introduction of faba bean into mixtures increased of meatiness and loin “eye” area and decreased of carcass fatness. The significant increase in the share of the most valuable exogenous fatty acids (C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3) in muscles II and III groupswere found. The M. longissimus lumborum in pigs fed mixtures with faba beans were characterized by significantly better water holding capacity WHC (P ≤0.01).
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The level of mineral utilization depends on many factors related to animals as well as to the chemical form of given nutrients. It has been experimentally demonstrated that animals utilize inorganic forms of minerals less efficiently than organic ones. Hence, an attempt has been made to evaluate the bioavailability of selenium bound in different compounds to lambs. Selenium supplementation in fodder mixtures was another aspect included in our tests. Thus, an experiment was conducted on 48 growing lambs, testing the level and chemical forms of selenium in fodder mixtures for animals. In group I (the control) lambs received fodder mixture without any selenium supplement. In the experimental groups, selenium was supplemented as sodium selenite in the amount 0.2 mg Se kg-1 d.m. feeds (II), or selenium enriched yeast (Se-yeast) in the amounts of 0.1 and 0.2 mg Se kg-1 d.m. of feed groups III and IV, respectively. At the end of the experiment, when animals had reached 35 kilos of weight, blood samples were taken. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was estimated in heparinized blood samples. Eight lambs were chosen from each group and killed to collect samples of soft tissues (liver, kidney, brain, muscle). The content of selenium was determined in the tissue samples. Supplementation of feeds for lambs with selenium, both inorganic (sodium selenite) and organic (Se-yeast), increased the content of the element in soft tissues of animals. The highest level of the element was found in the liver and kidneys: 4.65 and 4.90 and 2.10 and 2.30 mg kg-1 fresh tissue, of the lambs receiving sodium selenine and Se-yeast in the amount 0.2 mg Se kg-1 D.M. of feed (groups II and IV), respectively. Selenium compounds added to feeds given to lambs significantly (P£0.01) increased activity of GSH-Px in blood, especially in the case of animals which received yeast enriched with selenium. In blood of the lambs which received feeds with Se-yeast in the amount 0.2 mg Se kg-1 d.m. of feed (group IV), the activity of glutathione peroxidase was by 129.71 U gHb-1 higher, and of the animals which received Se-yeast in the amount 0.1 mg kg-1 d.m. or sodium selenite, the activity of the enzyme was higher by 86.33 and 86.35 U gHb-1, respectively, than the activity of this enzyme in blood of animals from the control group. Supplementation of lambs’ rations with Se in the form of selenite or yeast enriched with selenium forms increased the content of Se in soft tissues and gluthatione peroxidase activity in comparison with animals which did not receive additional doses of this nutrient in fodder mixtures. The availability of Se was more profoundly affected by the amount of the element added rather than its form.
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