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Vertebrate footprints occur in the Middle Buntsandstein (Lower Triassic) Labyrinthodontidae Beds exposed at Wióry in the northeastern margin of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland). They represent the richest footprint assemblage from the Middle Buntsandstein in Europe known to date. This assemblage comprises 11 ichnospecies representing seven ichnogenera attributable to amphibians and reptiles. The following new ichnotaxa are erected: Prorotodactylidae ichnofam. n., Prorotodactylus mirus ichnogen. et ichnosp. n., Capitosauroides fuglewiczi ichnosp. n., Brachychirotherium wiorense ichnosp. n., Isochirotherium gierlinskii ichnosp. n., Synaptichnium kotanskii ichnosp. n., and Rhynchosauroides rdzaneki ichnosp, n. The Prorotodactylus trackmakers possibly represent a systematic group close to that from which the Rotodactylus trackmakers and dinosaurs originated.
The xiphosurans Bellinurus lunatus (Martin, 1809) and Euproops rotundatus (Prestwich, 1840) are described from sideritic concretions hosted by the Orzesze Beds (Westphalian B) in. the Polish region of the Upper Silesia Coal Basin. Associated flora and fauna include terrestrial plant remains and a single palaeodictyopteran insect nymph. As no marine influences are known in this area since the Namurian A, these xiphosurans were probably fresh-water organisms.
We describe a partially crushed skull and dentaries of a sub-adult individual of Daulestes nessovi sp. n., from the Coniacian of Uzbekistan. This is the earliest known eutherian skull (about 87 Ma) and the sixth genus of Cretaceous eutherians in which a skull is available. Because the skull of D. nessovi is sub-adult, certain plesiomorphic features may be ontogenetic and should be interpreted with caution. Four upper premolars and five lower premolariform teeth were in use (possibly to become four lowers when fully adult). The upper cheek-teeth have winged conules; M2 has large parastylar and small metastylar projections. Pre- and postcingula are lacking on DP4 and the upper molars. The talonids of dp4-m2 are about 90% as wide as the trigonids, with widely separated entoconid and hypoconulid. The skull has a large sphenorbital fissure, no foramen rotundum, and apparently no pterygoid process of the sphenoid. A large orbital wing of the palatine prevents maxilla-frontal contact within the orbit. The zygomatic arch is slender. The cochlea has one full turn, with an expanded apex, which suggests that a lagena might have been present. A large malleus with a robust anterior process, and a large promontorium may be due to young age of the individual or a primitive retention, as in the platypus. Because of the similarity to Asioryctidaem both cranial structure and dentition, we assign Daulestes tentatively to Asioryctitheria Novacek et al. 1997, family incertae sedis.
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