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In order to assess the effect of alternating electromagnetic and direct magnetic field on adult Helix aspersa O. F. Müller and their eggs, adults and eggs of H. aspersa maxima Taylor and H. aspersa aspersa O. F. Müller were exposed to such fields with different parameters, and the following life cycle traits were observed: condition of hibernating adults, their survival rate during hibernation and reproduction, egg mass, hatching success, growth rate of hatchlings and body mass of next generation adults. Adults were exposed to sinusoidal, alternating electromagnetic fields of 50 Hz, 100 Hz and 200 μT, and magnetic induction of 50 Hz, as well as a field of 175 μT and 10–1000 Hz (repetition period 80 minutes). Egg batches were exposed to direct magnetic fields of magnetic induction 5 μT and 10 μT and alternating electromagnetic fields of analogous induction and frequency of 50 Hz. The effects varied depending on the parameters of the fields, subspecies and life cycle stage. Adult H. aspersa maxima was more sensitive to the changes in characteristics of electromagnetic field than H. aspersa aspersa, but the two subspecies showed a similar reaction to exposing their eggs to direct or alternating magnetic field. Probably direct field had a greater selection effect compared to alternating field, removing weaker genotypes at embryonic stage; this resulted in a greater mean body mass of the next generation adults. The results are preliminary; further studies, with further modifications of parameters of the fields applied are necessary.
Differences in the parasite faunas of wild and farmed populations of the northern scallops, Argopecten purpuratus, from northern Chile, were compared. Infections of tapeworm larvae (plerocercoids of Acanthobothrium sp. and Rhinebothrium sp.) do not occur in the farmed scallops owing to unsuitable conditions for transmission, whereas, by contrast, there is a significantly higher occurrence of the burrowing polychaeta Polydora sp. in farmed conditions. These results can be explained in that farming conditions preclude completion of the tapeworm life cycle, since the infective stage cannot access the scallops suspended in the water column. Meanwhile crowding in the farmed population, as compared to the wild one, may favor infection by Polydora sp.
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