The paper aims to examine the influence of selected animal welfare aspects on the net farm income. Data used in the study were collected under the EDF (European Dairy Farmers) program in 280 farms representing 22 European countries. It was analyzed using the variance and covariance analysis. Following animal welfare aspects were taken into consideration: access to pasture, frequency of milking, culling rate, period between calvings and milk yield. Combinations of each two aspects were also taken into account. Milk production is one of the most important branches in Polish agriculture. Net farm income obtained by milk producers are influenced by factors related to animal welfare. It was found, that farms providing animals with access to pasture are characterized by lower culling rate and milk yield than farms not providing animals with access to pasture. At the same time farms providing animals with access to pasture obtain higher net farm income. The limitation in revenue causes by decreased in milk yield is recompensed by savings in costs. It might be supposed, that this result is related both, to improved health status of animals, and lower costs of feeding. That confirms, that access pasture is a very important determinant of net farm income. Another important factor determining net farm income in milk production is culling rate. Farms characterized by higher culling rate obtain lower net farm income.
With the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the European Union has established a legal framework for the protection of all aquatic ecological systems, including groundwater. This directive may have advantages for the water regime in ecologically sensitive areas but may also bring some economic disadvantages for farmers. The economic implications of the WFD for irrigated agriculture with regard to various scenarios and the implementation of alternative water policy measures are analysed. The results show that demand for irrigation water, farmers’ reactions with regard to operational and strategic decisions and income effects strongly depend on the water policy measures implemented.
There is a high and growing risk in agriculture, which makes choosing the right tool to support risk management in agriculture more urgent. Traditional agricultural production insurance is very expensive and often – as is the case in Poland – does not provide adequate coverage. Income insurance, which ensures more complex coverage, may be an alternative to it and, as there is no perfect correlation between the value of individual production types, may be off ered at a comparatively lower price. Based on 2004–2013 data from 4,590 Community Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) farms, it was proved that aggregate production insurance allows for a much lower insurance premium rate in relation to insurance of specific production types.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.