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1

Structure and position of nucleus motoris nervi facialis in the pigeon [Columba livia]

100%
Arciszewski M. B., Flieger S.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio C, Biologia
|
2001
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tom 56
2

Anatomic variability in the relation between the retromandibular vein and the facial nerve: a case report, literature review and classification

86%
Piagkou M., Tzika M., Paraskevas G., Natsis K.
Folia Morphologica
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2013
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tom 72
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nr 4
Knowledge of anatomic variations concerning head and neck veins is important to surgeons performing interventions in these regions, as well as to radiologists. The retromandibular vein is used as a guide to expose the facial nerve branches inside the parotid gland, during parotid surgery and open reduction of mandibular condyle fractures. It is also used as a landmark for localisation of the nerve and compartmentalisation of parotid gland lesions preoperatively, during computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and sonography. In this paper, the anomalous retromandibular vein’s course on the left side of a male cadaver is described. The vein was formed around the nerve, while the maxillary vein travelled medial to the facial nerve branches and superficial to the superficial temporal vein. Interestingly, the facial nerve temporofacial division crossed again the superficial temporal vein upwards, forming a “nerve fork”. The incidence of the reported variability of the relationship between the retromandibular vein and the facial nerve are discussed with a detailed literature review. Accordingly, the typical deep position of the retromandibular vein in relation to the facial nerve is estimated to 88.17% to all sides. Furthermore, an updated classification system is proposed, including 4 types and subtypes. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 4: 371–375)
3

Studies on the structure and localisation of the avian nervous centres. Motor nucleus of the facial nerve in goose [Anser anser]

72%
Arciszewski M. B., Tokarzewski S.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio C, Biologia
|
2003
|
tom 58
4

The relationship of the parotid duct to the buccal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve; an anatomical study with parameters of clinical interest

72%
Erbil K. M., Uz A., Hayran M., Mas N., Senan S., Tuncel M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2007
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tom 66
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nr 2
There have been studies concerning the protection of the facial nerve during plastic surgery intended for the parotid gland. The close relationship between the parotid duct and the buccal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve is studied here. The dissections were performed on 10 fixed cadavers at the Anatomy Dissection Laboratory of Ankara University in 2004. The reference points used for surgery of this region were taken into consideration as the landmarks for morphometric measurements. In 7 of the cases the zygomatic branch was double and in 3 it was single. In 4 of the 7 cases with a double zygomatic branch both superior and inferior branches crossed the parotid duct. In the remaining 3 cases the superior branches of the zygomatic nerve coursed through the zygomatic major and minor muscles. In 9 of all the cases the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve crossed the duct anteriorly and in one it did so posteriorly (case 10). The buccal branch was single in 4 of the cases and double in 6. Among these one of the most precise measurements was the distance between the lateral canthus and the intersection point of the zygomatic branch and the duct with a coefficient of variation of 9.9%. With the use of this reliable measurement the intersection point of the zygomatic branch and the duct may be estimated to be within 5.16 ±1.01 centimetres of the lateral canthus. Facial nerve paralysis is the most important complication of superficial face surgery and the anatomy of this region must thus be taken into detailed consideration by surgeons.
5

Collateral projections of trigeminal sensory neurons to both cerebellar paramedian lobules in the rabbit: demonstration by fluorescent double labeling study

58%
Bukowska D., Zguczynski L., Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B., Sikora E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1998
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tom 58
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nr 4
6
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Petrosal and cranial vascular system of the early Eocene palaeoryctid mammal Eoryctes melanus from northwestern Wyoming, USA

51%
Wible J. R.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2022
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tom 67
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nr 1
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