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Erythropoietin (EPO) has a beneficial effect on hepatic cell proliferation during liver regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. To uncover the proliferation response of EPO in rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) at the cellular level, hepatocytes (HCs) were isolated using Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The genes of the EPO-mediated signaling pathway and the target genes of the transcription factor (TF) in the pathway were identified in a pathway and TF database search. Their expression profiles were then detected using Rat Genome 230 2.0 Microarray. The results indicated that the EPO-mediated signaling pathway is involved in 19 paths and that 124 genes participate, of which 32 showed significant changes and could be identified as liver regeneration-related genes. In addition, 443 targets regulated by the TFs of the pathway and 60 genes associated with cell proliferation were contained in the array. Subsequently, the synergetic effect of these genes in liver regeneration was analyzed using the E(t) mathematical model based on their expression profiles. The results demonstrated that the E(t) values of paths 3, 8, 12 and 14–17 were significantly strengthened in the progressing phase of liver regeneration through the RAS/MEK/ERK or PI3K/AκT pathways. The synergetic effect of the target genes, in parallel with target-related cell proliferation, was also enhanced 12–72 h after PH, suggesting a potential positive effect of EPO on HC proliferation during rat liver regeneration. These data imply that the EPO receptor may allow EPO to promote HC proliferation through paths 3, 8, 12 and 14–17, mediating the RAS/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AκT pathways in rat liver regeneration after PH.
The expression profile was evaluated of MYF5 and MYF6 genes in skeletal muscles of young growing Polish Large White (PLW), Polish Landrace (PL), Pietrain (PIE), Duroc (DUR) and Pulawska (PUL) gilts at different ages. Normalization of MYF5 and MYF6 was performed on reliable porcine reference genes (PRGs), where expression stabilities of nine of them (ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, SDHA, HPRTI, RPL13A, YWHAZ, TBP, TOP2B) were evaluated by RT-qPCR method and NormFinder software. Results revealed HPRTI, TBP and TOP2B as highly stable and PRGs. The age-dependent and breed-specific skeletal muscle expression comparisons revealed highly significant (P<0.01) differences in MYF6 expression levels of all skeletal muscles among investigated breeds. MYF6 gene expression in PIE and DUR were higher compared to PLW, PL and PUL gilts. Contrarily, paired-wise comparison of MYF5 gene expression showed only significant difference between DUR and PUL for semimembranosus, and PL and PLW, DUR and PL, PIE and PL, DUR and PUL and PIE and PUL for gluteus medius muscle. There was no significant relationship identified between gilt ages and the level of expression of MYF5 and MYF6 genes. However, their highest expression was identified in longissimus dorsi followed by gluteus medius and semimembranosus muscles. It is concluded that normalization of gene expression has to be done on more than one PRG to reduce the errors in transcription level estimates. Moreover, significantly different breed-specific expression of porcine MYF5 and MYF6 allowed the authors to prioritize these genes as potential candidate genes for trait-associated study.
HYL1 is a nuclear protein involved in the processing of miRNAs but its exact function remains unknown. Arabidopsis thalianahyl1mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to ABA. We decided to answer the question whether ABA affects the HYL1 protein localization within the cell and show that it does not. We also studied the expression of HYL1 in different tissues and organs. In this paper we show for the first time the expression profile of the HYL1 protein using anti-HYL1 antibodies. The protein is present in seedlings and mature plants in all organs studied, with the highest amount in inflorescences. A. thalianaHYL1 protein has several repetitions of a 28-amino-acid sequence at the C-terminus that confer protein instability. Our bioinformatic analysis of HYL1 homologs in different Brassicaspecies shows that this repetition is typical only for Arabidopsis. This may suggest a relatively late evolutionary acquisition of the C-terminal domain.
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