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Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE) of excretory/secretory products T. canis infective larvae revealed 15 protein fractions, within a molecular weight range from 19 to 200 kD. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining revealed 9 glycoproteins, with molecular weight 19-55 and 130 kD. Almost all the polypeptides were recognized by infection sera from patients with toxocarosis, on Western blot analysis, indicating that all to a greater or lesser extent induce antibody responses. Specific IgM antibodies in the sera of some patients with toxocarosis were also detected by the same method. The specifity of these protein components was tested using sera of patients with trichinellosis or patients infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. Cross-reacion in sera diluted 1:50 were observed in 20% of all the patients but in sera diluted 1:100 only in 2 cases of trichinellosis (out of 25). No cross-reacions were seen with polypeptides of molecular weight lower than 39kD, which suggests that these are specific to T. canis.
The liver fluke Fasciola hepatica infects a wide range of hosts, and has a considerable impact on the agriculture industry, mainly through infections of sheep and cattle. Further, human infection is now considered of public health importance and is hyperendemic in some regions. The fluke infection causes considerable damage to the hosts’ liver. However, the mechanisms of liver destruction have not yet been completely elucidated. In the present report we incubated a human liver cell line in the presence of either F. hepatica excretory/secretory material (FhES) or recombinant phosphoglycerate kinase (FhPGK). Dosedependent cytotoxicity in the presence of FhES was observed, indicating that FhES is capable of killing human hepatocytes, supporting a role for FhES in damaging host liver cells during infection; while treatment with a recombinant intracellular protein — FhPGK, had no impact on cell survival.
Bile antibody responses of naturally infected cattle to surface and ES protein antigens of adult D. dendriticum were analysed. Freshly isolated and carefully purified flukes were surface labelled with NHS- biotin or biotin hydrazide (BH) and extracted using Tris-buffered saline. Biotinylated surface proteins or glycoproteins were then isolated by streptavidin affinity chromatography. ES products were obtained during 24 h incubation of undamaged worms at 37 °C in Tyrode’s salts solution enriched with antibiotics. Bile samples were collected at slaughter from cattle harbouring 120-280 lancet flukes. The fluke antigens inducing bile antibody responses were analysed by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA techniques. Bile from non-infected cattle precipitated none of the surface proteins and one polypeptide out of ES products. One to 6 polypeptides were found in immunocomplexes formed by individual bile samples of infected cattle and surface proteins while immunocomplexes formed by bile and surface extracts of flukes labelled with BH contained 2-5 fluke glycoproteins. An average of 3 polypeptides were recognised in ES products. In ELISA tests 38-67% out of 150 samples reacted with ES antigens while 70% possessed antibodies against surface proteins and 92% against surface glycoproteins. It is suggested that the surface and ES antigens may be of particular importance in the host-parasite relationship.
Prostaglandins (PGs) have been implicated as precursors of biological processes, many of which are functional in parasite-host interactions. The aim of the study was the isolation and examination of PGs in extracts from adults, larvae and excretory/secretory products (E/S) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus. Thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods established the presence of PGs in the extracts that were identified as PGA₂, PGB₂, PGD₂, POE₂, PGF₁α, PGF₂α, PGI₂ and non-identified forms of PGs, precursors or metabolites of PGs. The qualification/quantitative profiles for the PGs were very similar for adult, L3 and E/S products of T. colubriformis and H. contortus.
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