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Our paper proposes the evaluation of 5 select water bodies in Kraków (Bagry, Zakrzówek, Przylasek Rusiecki, and Kolna, and in the District of Krakóws water bodies formerly known as Kryspinów, currently “Zalew na Piaskach”). Their recreational values were assessed based on expert evaluation of 8 characteristics with the use of Saaty’s method to attribute weight to each characteristic. SWOT analysis was also applied, focussing on the problem of uncontrolled tourism. Kryspinow, Przylasek Rusiecki, and Kolna received the highest and very similar grades in terms of tourist attractiveness (2.475, 2.447, and 2.444, respectively), Bagry was slightly less attractive (2.224), and Zakrzówek received the worst score (0.796) due to its difficult access and lack of facilities.
The study focuses on the environmental evaluation of land in the territory of interest by means of assessing the non-production functions. This topic is currently becoming one of the crucial moments in agriculture, water management as well as nature and landscape conservation. The soil represents an important component of the environment and influences both the quality and the quantity of produced foodstuffs due to the fact that being an abiotic factor, the soil is a part of many different natural and artificial ecosystems, affecting thus the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. The soil provides nutrients for plant growth, necessary for animal as well as human nutrition. It plays an important part in recycling and detoxification of organic materials and in the cycles of many elements. The proposed solution consists in the evaluation of the non-production soil functions in a particular territory according to chosen, usually unchangeable, soil properties on the basis of the proposed method of rating. The method is based on creating evaluation classes comprising the individual categories of soil properties. The rating expressing particular categories indicates the range of the non-production functions within the soil-ecological units in the territory of interest. The research was carried out in a territory only moderately impacted by human industrial activities. The results of the evaluation of chosen soil functions can be used in the studies focused on landscape and soil protection or in the proposals of environment-friendly management models in accordance with the rules of agricultural policy included in appropriate regulations aimed at the protection of varied environmental components.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the labelling of selected vegetable oils and the provision of required and up-to-date information about their quality. Eight vegetable oils, including 2 rapeseed oils and 6 mixtures, were used as the study material. Evaluation of labelling involved analysing information provided on oil labels in terms of its compliance with the requirements set out in Tłuszcze roślinne... PN-92/A-86932, particularly as to whether it was up-to-date and whether it complied with the quality determined in the analyses. The quality of oils was described by the degree of hydrolysis (acid value), degree of oxidation (peroxide number, anisidine number, diene and triene content) and fatty acid composition. Labelling of the analysed vegetable oils was found to be unsatisfactory since not all the required information was provided; for example, there was no information about the preservation or flavouring of the oils, only sporadically was any information provided on vitamin content (1 out of 8 oils) and other information was missing. Labelling was also unsatisfactory in terms of the accuracy of information because it did not provide data about the ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 acids or about how long an oil had been stored - which is associated with the content of fat oxidation products. It was established in analyses of oil quality that the acid value and the peroxide number did not exceed the minimum adopted for refined oils Oleje i tłuszcze... PN-A-86908:2000) and that the values of anisidine number in 3 oils were close to, or exceeded, the value mentioned in the standard. The percentage of saturated fatty acids complied with the producers' claims, whereas the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids was below standard for one oil and the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids was below standard for two oils.
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