In the study, impact of three devices aggregated with farm tractors on forest soil was compared – FRANSGARD 6000 GS cable winch and two processors – NIAB 5-15 and HYPRO 450. The basic difference between the above mentioned machines consists in the fact that the cable winch skids debranched tree stems while processors skid the whole trees, including their tree-tops. The percentage of soil injured in late pine stand thinning reached, respectively: 1.2%, 2.2% and 5.5%. The analysis of significance of differences in Ug indicators characterising the damages induced has shown that only the indicator computed for HYPRO processor is significantly higher than the others. However, as the simulation performed has confirmed, appropriate thickening of skidding routes enables to achieve a comparable level of damages for all the machines examined. Taking into account the impact on forest soil, application of processors aggregated with farm tractors can be recommended for thinning stands.
In the paper an attempt of assessment of equipment with some appliances and facilities of environmental protection in villages was made. The analysis was conducted taking into account division of country territory into voivodeships using methods of multi- -dimensional comparative analysis. The final result of the study is voivodeships ranking and dividing voivodeships into three groups: of a high, average and low level of village environmentally friendly infrastructure. Attention was paid to relatively great span between the first group (group of the best equipment) and the third group – the worst in this respect.
In Poland the percentage of disabled individuals aged 0-14 years is 3.1%, while in the age group over 70 years it is as high as 45%. The article presents an attempt of a variant estimation of purchase costs of kitchen equipment for the disabled. Three hypothetical types of kitchen designs were investigated: low-budget, medium-budget and high-budget, respectively. Based on literature guidelines and a review of market prices it was established that the costs of the three kitchen design variants are approx. 6000 PLN (1240 €), 42 500 PLN (9870 €) and over 225 000 PLN (52 530 €). A high percentage of the total cost of kitchen equipment may be connected with specialised mechatronic equipment (up to 40% total kitchen cost). In the case of the cheapest kitchen variant a lack of expensive specialised equipment may be compensated by an appropriate layout of typical kitchen components.
The research was conducted in pine stands where selective early and late thinning was carried out with the use of NIAB 5-15 and HYPRO 450 debranching and cutting processors along with a FRANSGÅRD V-6000 GS cable winch aggregated with farm tractors. In case of cut-to-length system, timber harvesting was executed by means of processors and in case of tree-length system – by means of a cable winch. The harvested timber was forwarded to the depots in the second stage with the use of self-loading trailers or skidded with the use of a cable winch. Tree damage in case of processor technology oscillated at the level of 3.1-11.3%, and in case of a cable winch: 3.0-10.9%. The level of damage to the regeneration layer amounted to 4.1-27.1% for the areas where processors had been used. For the areas where timber was harvested by means of a cable winch, the level of tree damage was 5.2 -14.0% of trees growing under the main stand’s crown layer.
In this study, hygienic properties of samples taken from hands of personnel working in food production (n: 266) and sales (n: 94) facilities and samples taken from various equipments used in these facilities are studied. In samples taken from 360 staff working in food production and sales departments aerobic plate count are determined to be in a level of 1 cfu/cm2 in two samples (0.55%), 5 cfu/cm2 in 119 samples (33.06%), 45 cfu/cm2 in 195 samples (54.17%) and, 80 cfu/cm2 in 44 samples (12.22%); the number of Enterobacteriaceae are determined to be 1 cfu/cm2 in 189 samples (52.50%), 5 cfu/cm2 in 128 samples (35.56%), 45 cfu/cm2 in 43 samples (11.94%). In addition coagulase positive S. aureus is determined from 137 (32.70%) hand samples in total. Aerobic plate count of bacteria on the examined equipments (n: 70) is found to be 5 cfu/cm2 in 25 samples (35.71%), 80 cfu/cm2 in 45 samples (64.29%); and Enterobacteriaceae count found to be 1 cfu/cm2 in 25 samples (35.71%), 45 cfu/cm2 in 45 samples (64.29%). On the other hand S. aureus is found in a total of 18 (25.71%) samples. As a result, it is concluded that making personnel conscious of reduction of the bacteria found their hands at high levels, and controlling hygiene by carrying out up-to-date HACCP and GMP applications, also cleaning equipments under proper hygiene conditions contribute to the possibility of taking the problem under control to great extend.