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Many species of microfungi are reported in aquatic ecosystems with different frequency. Their number constantly fluctuates depending on the concentration of environmental and anthropogenic factors. Drinking water, tap and bottled, is essential for the proper functioning of the human body. It is also the main component of food and hence it should be safe for human health and free of contaminants. The mycological purity of tap water in two large cities in the region (Olsztyn and Ostrołęka) and a small village (Gągławki) as well as bottled, medium-mineralized and curative water stored under different conditions were tested. The laboratory investigations followed a pathway applied in diagnostic mycological laboratories. The conducted tests demonstrated that microfungi were found in tap water originating from the cities and in bottled water. The rural water supply system was free from contaminations. Eighteen species of microfungi were identified in tap water from Olsztyn and 9 species in tap water from Ostrołęka. In bottled water, 13 fungal species were detected. Exophiala spinifera and Debaryomyces hansenii were recorded in the water supply systems of both cities, while one common species, i.e. Aspergillus fumigatus, was identified in tap water from Ostrołęka and in bottled water. The conducted studies have significant practical implications, for instance in sanitary and epidemiological water evaluation and in medicine in the context of analysing the quality of drinking water in reference to health resorts and nosocomial infections.
Trichinellosis - history, current status, new threats. The paper presents the epizootic situation of trichinellosis in historical terms, the present state, as well as emerging new threats. At the turn of the last few years, new species of trichinella species have emerged, as well as the spectrum of species of wild and domestic animals, which are a potential source of parasite transmission, has been widespread. Quite a significant threat is the problem of increasing occurrence of trichinella at herbivorous animals, which until recently were mostly treated ex officio as trichinella-free. The changing epizootiological image of trichinella makes it seems necessary now to intensify the preventive measures in the prevention of meat of all species susceptible to trichinella by means of etching method. Such activities should guarantee the safety of marketed animal origin food and thus effectively reduce the epidemiological risk.
The mosquito fauna has been studied in five Polish towns: Szczecin (31 species recorded), Świnoujście (23), Gdańsk (26), Warsaw (36) and Wrocław (18). In all five towns 38 mosquito species have been recorded. Thirteen species were present in each of the study towns - Anopheles maculipennis s.l., Aedes cinereus, Ae. vexans, Culex pipiens, Culiseta annulata, Ochlerotatus annulipes, Oc. cantans, Oc. caspius, Oc. cataphylla, Oc. communis, Oc. dorsalis, Oc. flavescens and Oc. leucomelas. Eight species were recorded in four towns: Anopheles claviger, Coquillet-tidia richiardii, Culiseta morsitans, Culex torrentium, Ochlerotatus excrucians, Oc. geniculatus, Oc. punctor and Oc. sticlicus. The results are coincident with observations from several other European towns of Russia, Czech Republic and Hungary. Species typical of Polish towns occur commonly in comparative European towns. All of the competent mosquito vectors of human diseases known in Poland were registered in urban fauna (34.2% species recorded) - most of them occurred numerously. It must be a factor, which increases the epidemiological hazard of mosquito-borne diseases in towns.
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