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Environmental sustainability is currently a topical issue globally. Reason for this might not be unconnected with the need to ensure balancing of environmental protection as well as social responsibility as requisite for healthy environment and economy. Thus, an understanding of the indispensability of environment generally has led to the clarion call for better steward of environment by human beings, bearing in mind the deteriorating state of the environment and its consequences. This study employed a triangulation of instrument in developing responsible attitude towards environment. 72 participants involving artisans, technocrats, farmers, marketers, industrialists, public servants and institutions were drawn across urban and peri-urban areas within four local governments in Oyo, Oyo state, Nigeria. In-depth interviews were conducted among the participants on the extent, effects of human impacts as well as desirability of responsible attitudes to the environment. Data were analyzed through coded description, verbatim reporting, content analysis and categorization of ideas expressed by participants in the IDIs. It was revealed that human beings have impacted on the environment in a number of ways culminating in untold effects on the environment and its components. The need for responsible attitude to environment was therefore suggested as measure towards sustainable environment and development.
Tractor traffic as a cause of soil compaction is widely recognized as one of the most important factors responsible for environmental degradation and plant yield losses. It is a serious problem for perennial crops, where the soil surface is wheeled without any opening operation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of tractor traffic on meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) yields and root development. The field experiment was located in Mydlniki near Kraków, Poland, on silty loam Mollic Fluvisol. Experimental plots were established in randomized block design with four replications. Four compaction treatments were applied using the following range of number of passes: (P0) untreated control, (P2) two passes, (P4) four passes and (P6) six passes completely covering plot surfaces after each harvest. The dry matter (DM) of the yield and roots (RMD) were determined. Morphometric parameters of roots were estimated using image analysis software. Root length density (RLD), specific root length (SRL), and mean diameter (MD) were calculated. Tractor traffic resulted in significant influence on meadow fescue annual yields. The highest annual yields were obtained at the P2 and P4 treatments. However, in the first cut it was noticed that an increase in the number of passes increased plant yields. During the second and the third cut it was found that intensive tractor traffic decreased plant yields, probably as an effect of damage caused to above-ground parts of plants. The meadow fescue roots were significantly affected by tractor traffic only in the 5-15 cm soil layer. Tractor traffic increased the RLD value in a root diameter range of 0.1-0.5 mm. However, any other morphometric parameters, like mean root diameter (MD), specific root length (SRL) or dry root diameter (RDM) were not affected by soil compaction.
The estimation of environmental degradability of different ramie fibre reinforced biocomposites in Baltic Sea water and in compost with activated sludge under natural conditions is the subject of this paper. The characteristic parameters of environments were monitored during incubation time and their influence on the rate of degradation of biocomposites was discussed. The degradation processes of two kinds of biocomposites, ramie fibre/Ecoflex® and ramie fibre/cellulose nanofibre reinforced corn starch resin, were studied by macro- and microscopic observations of polymer surfaces, changes of weight, and tensile strength during incubation under natural conditions. The macro and microscopic observations and weight changes confirmed the decrease of the tensile strength both of the composites after incubation in compost and in sea water. It was demonstrated that the biocomposites with natural fibre of ramie were degraded in compost faster than in sea water, due to different microbial communities. The ramie/Ecoflex® biocomposite was degraded more distinctly than ramie/cellulose nanofibre reinforced corn starch resin biocomposite in both natural environments.
In the course of the research (hydrobiological and hydrochemical) on the three mountain streams was found out that acidification was a main agent which disqualified a quality of their water. An attempt on neutralize of water of the Czerwień stream was undertaken by means of "cushions" (with chalk and without chalk) - an enclaves of the neutralized environment and with the use of model mechanism as well. The advantageous impact of the neutralized water on macrobenthos and fishes was found out and confirmed by means of numerous biological test.
The content of Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd and S in the upper soil layer of meadow ecosystems surrounding the steelworks "Huta Katowice" was investigated. Sampling plots were located at a different distance and direction from the plant, but in a similar type of meadow community and soil. Spatial and seasonal variability of the investigated elements content was found. Such results indicate that the investigated area was polluted both by that steelworks and by the industrial plants situated in the Industrial Region of Upper Silesia.
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