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Enterotoxic capacities of 95 Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from fattening pigs by the use of the suckling mouse bioassay were investigated. A positive result was received for 14 strains (14.74%), doubtful for 33 strains (34.74%), while the rest of 48 strains (50.52%) did not induce the production of enterotoxins. The received results show that in the pig population there are almost 15% of Yersinia enterocolitica strains, which are directly dangerous to public health because of their enterotoxic capacity. It is also worth paying attention to those strains, which in the suckling mouse bioassay provided doubtful results (around 35%) because their ability to produce enterotoxins was not explicitly declared as impossible.
Gram-negative anaerobic rods isolated in The Netherlands and Poland from extraintestinal and intestinal sources were identified as Bacteroides fragilis (n = 210) on the basis of Gram staining, growth on selective Bacteroides Bile Esculine medium as black colonies, and biochemical characteristics. PCR-mediated assessment of the presence of the B. fragilis enterotoxin (fragilysin) gene in all strains identified 12 so-called enterotoxin-positive B. fragilis (ETBF) strains (15%) among the Dutch strains and 16 ETBF among the Polish strains (13%). NotI Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis revealed that these strains are genetically heterogeneous. Among the Dutch strains an identical pair and a set of four indiscriminate strains were identified. This suggests that limited nosocomial spread of ETBF can be observed. However, there was no identity obeserved when strains from The Netherlands were compared to their Polish counterparts. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that one Polish strain isolated from a patient with antibiotic associated diarrhoeae (AAD) was simultaneously highly resistant to clindamycin and cefoxitin (MIC >256 mg/L). Two other strains appeared to be clindamycin resistant. All resistant strains had different PFGE patterns, suggesting that resistance development occurred at independent occassions.
Nine strains belonging to Bacillus cereus group has been isolated from food and environmental samples. Their taxonomic position was confirmed by RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene digested with Taq\. The detection of DNA sequences encoding the hemolysin BL complex and enterotoxin NHE, was studied in Bacillus sp. isolates. Set of primers was used to amplify fragment of hblD gene by PCR. For the detection of nheB gene a new primer set was developed which allowed to amplify 273 bp fragment from wide number of strains belonging to B. cereus group. The hblD gene was present in 7 out of 9 isolates whereas nheB gene occurred in all of them. Reference strains of B. cereus LOCK 0807, and B. thuringiensis NCAIM 01262 contained both genes. Strains of B. subtilis ATCC 6633 and B. pumilus LOCK 0814 do not contain both genes. Obtained results showed that B. thuringiensis NCAIM 01262 contains both genes and therefore may be harmful for human beings.
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