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The subject matter of an emergy analysis was the environmental system of a model miscanthus×giganteus cultivation. Assessment of environmental work contribution to the cultivation of renewable biomass was performed based on the energy value theory (EVT) created by Howard T. Odum, which combines the principles of thermodynamics, ecology and economics by means of a single unit of measurement – emergy. The concept of emergy is based on energy transformation ratio between each elements of the ecosystem and emergy is a measure of quality differences between different forms and streams of energy. Flow of energy and materials between the environment and the model cultivation was determined. The analysis of emergy allowed the evaluation of all identified streams that power the analysed system, especially the ones which are omitted by traditional economics due to inability to price or to common availability. EVT, whose principles are based on transformation of primary solar energy that powers all systems within the cycle of life on our planet, opens the real environmental costs for assessment. In order to determine and consider the value of environment in the process of biomass production, a basic study was conducted for a model cultivation of miscanthus within the scope of elemental analysis of collected biomass and soil. An attempt was made at the assessment of environmental contribution into a renewable energy source, that is, biomass. The results showed that the contribution of soil components emergy in the creation of biomass was the most significant. Renewability of the analysed system reached 18%, which proves considerable instability of the system. Eighty two percent of environmental contribution into the formation of renewable biomass was constituted by non-renewable sources which may result in degradation of the local ecosystem over a short period of time. Cultivation requires to be supplied with basic nutrients in order to restore environmental balance. The cost of environmental contribution not considered by humans was circa 314 $ yearˉ¹.
The aim of this study was to determine floristic diversity, the chemical composition, nature value and energy value of selected sedge communities in view of habitat conditions in the Noteć valley. This study was based on a total of 46 relevés prepared according to Braun-Blanquet. The identified communities were represented by common plant associations, both natural or semi-natural. They comprised mainly vegetation of meadows excluded from agricultural use, on fresh and partly moist and very moist soils, of weak acid and neutral reaction. Analysed communities had moderate or high nature value. Sedges and Cyperaceae predominated in their structure, with the greatest share of Caricetum lasiocarpae (76%) and the lowest share of Caricetum distichae (44.6%). No Fabaceae were reported in any of the two plant associations, while herds were found in all associations. The greatest higher heating value and lower heating value were found for communities with Carex lasiocarpa and Carex disticha.
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of inulin gel, used as a fat substitute, on energy value and consumer acceptance of model meatballs fresh and cold-stored. The experimental material consisted of pork meatballs with two inulin levels. Replacement of part pork fat with inulin resulted in reducing level of fat and calorie contents. Moreover, after 14 day of cold storage of meatballs, consumer acceptance of these products with a 25% replacement of pork back fat by inulin was higher in comparison with the control sample. During 14 day of cold storage of such pork meatballs the delay of adverse sensory attributes were observed.
Autor popisuje bojové dávky potravin některých armád NATO. Informuje o dávkách potravin a jejich nutriční a energetické hodnotě. Článek podává také informace o hlavních rozdílech v bojových dávkách potravin u jednotlivých států NATO.
As part of the Pol-Monica Programme realized in 1984 the dietary habits of a population of over 5 thousand persons, aged 35-64, from a rural area (Province of Tarnobrzeg) and an urban area (Warsaw) were evaluated. A significant effect of the social environment and sex was noted on the energy and nutritional value of meals and on the consumption of products in them. In the urban environment these values were usually higher than in the rural environment; besides that a higher energy value of the daily food ration and higher amounts of basic nutrients in it were noted in the diet of males than in that of females. In relation to the RDA, the intake of fats by males, especially in the Warsaw population, exceeded greatly the suggested value, while the content of vitamin C in the diet of males and females in both populations was very low, only 30-40% of the recommended value.
The dietary intake of patients with irritable bowel syndrome was assessed using 24-h dietary recall. The energy value and nutrient contents in the daily food rations were calculated by Nutritionist IV computer program with the Polish database. Differentiations in the Polish RDA coverage for energy and nutrients were observed in the studied group. Fat, saturated fatty acid, phosphorus and also vitamin A, E and C contents were above the RDA in the patients’ daily food ration. The majority of IBS individuals did not meet recommendations for carbohydrate intake. Calcium and cooper intake was below the Polish RDA. The insufficient vitamin B2 intake and excessive Fe supply have been shown in the male patients.
The aim of the work was laboratory assessment of energy and nutritional value of general and light diets used in patients of selected clinical department in the Military Medical Institute in Warsaw alimentation. Using questionnaire method the assessment of diets was done by patients too. Meals given to patients in hospital not always fulfilled nutritional requirements. Additional consumption of supplementary products did not always meet the requirements of proper nutrition. Half of examined patients appraised nutrition variety as good but at the same time claimed the there was not enough fruits and vegetables.
The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of consumption of selected groups of foodstuffs with varying energy value by patients of the „Dom Zdrojowy" sanatorium in Ciechocinek (Poland). The survey included 100 persons, out of which 80% were obese individuals (OB), while the others were patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Products with lowered energy value, especially cottage cheese, milk, "light" yoghurt, as well as tea and coffee without sugar were on average consumed rather frequently. Obese patients, from among women constituted 80%, paid attention to fat content in their daily diet.
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