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1

Role of endopolyploidy in embryonic development in plants

100%
Bohdanowicz J.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement
|
2008
|
tom 50
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nr 1
2
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Content available

Endopolyploidy patterns in organs of Trifolium species (Fabaceae)

88%
Kocova V., Kolarcik V., Strakova N., Martonfi P.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
|
2014
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tom 56
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nr 1
3

Endopolyploidy patterns during development of Chenopodium quinoa

63%
Kolano B., Siwinska D., Maluszynska J.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
|
2009
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tom 51
|
nr 2
85-92
Patterns of endopolyploidy were studied in embryos and seedlings during early development. Relative nuclear DNA content was measured with DAPI staining and flow cytometry. Somatic tissue of Chenopodium quinoa (Chenopodiaceae) revealed extensive endopolyploidization; tissues comprised mixtures of cells with DNA content ranging from 2C to 16C in varying proportions. Endopolyploidy patterns corresponded to the developmental stage and the individual organ. Polysomaty was already present in the radicle of the embryo in the imbibited seed. During seedling development, endopolyploidization took place in many examined organs (roots, hypocotyls, cotyledons) to different extents. The C-value was highest in the differentiated root, where up to 50% of the cell underwent one or two endocycles. Endopolyploidization was not present in nuclei from leaves and the shoot apex
4
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Salinity has no effect on polysomatic pattern in seedlings of Trifolium pratense and T. repens

63%
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
|
2017
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tom 59
|
nr 1
Endopolyploidy is a condition of a cell containing reduplicated genetic material in its nucleus. Cells with the nuclei of different ploidy levels are often present within a single polysomatic organism. Endoreduplication is thus a modified cell cycle that omits cytokinesis and leads to chromatin replication in the endopolyploid cells. This study aimed to research the effect of salinity on endopolyploidy of Trifolium pratense and T. repens. Both species are important pasture legumes and belong to the genus Fabaceae with the well documented endopolyploidy occurence. Endopolyploidy levels in the seedlings treated with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mM NaCl were investigated by flow cytometry. The seedling organs were evaluated during three ontogeny stages. The cytometric data plotted on a histogram showed the presence of 2C-16C nuclei in T. pratense and 2C-8C in T. repens. The hypothesis that salinity induces additional endocycles was not confirmed. Our results show that the distribution of nuclei among ploidy levels does not differ markedly between the treatment groups and the control ones. Additionally, only minor changes were observed among the endoreduplication indexes (EI) of plant organs after exposure to various salt concentrations. Endopolyploidy patterns within the salt-treated seedlings during ontogeny are similar to the controls. We suggest that endopolyploidy in Trifolium species is a conserved genetic trait, rather than an adaptation to salinity stress. The analyses of the roots of T. pratense at stage III show that with the increased concentrations of NaCl the length of roots decreased, but no evident changes in endopolyploidy occured.
5

Differentiation of the synergids in Pulmonaria angustifolia and Pulmonaria mollissima Kern

51%
Izmailow R., Tarnawska M.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
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1995
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tom 37
Processes of the cytological differentiation in the synergids of Pulmonaria angustifolia L. (2n = 14) and P. mollissima Kern. (2n = 18) were studied. In both species the process of polyploidization started soon after the formation of the mature embryo sac. The lack of mitoses, rhythmical enlargement of the synergid nuclei as well as their characteristic structures pointed to endoreduplication as the mechanism of polyploidization. Detailed analysis of nuclear volume measurements permitted to distinguish five size-classes of nuclei; they correspond to the degrees of ploidy evaluated as: n, 2n, 4n, 8n and 16n. Moreover, in P. mollissima one nucleus could be identified with 32n level. In polyploid nuclei the occurrence of aggregations of chromatin enlarging with the degree of polyploidization was stated. Their increase in thickness in high polyploid nuclei permitted to suppose that they represented the polytene chromosomes. The synergids in Pulmonaria probably are involved in the nutrition of the egg cell before fertilization. It may be supposed that the persistent synergid retains its physiological activity up to the stage of 4-8-celled embryo.
6

Patterns of endopolyploidy during seedling development of Chenopodium species

51%
Kolano B., Siwinska D., Maluszynska J.
Biological Letters
|
2005
|
tom 42
|
nr 2 Spec.Vol.
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