Analysis was performed of the geographical distribution of 30 endangered and protected Polish mammalian species, as well as the entire assemblage of 91 species occurring in Poland. A comparison of the number of species versus the distribution of the main forms of land use, types of natural habitat and types of nature protection was also made. The study area covered the whole area of Poland with a geographical system of a grid with 280 squares (~ 1250 km2). The species richness was estimated from the recent Polish Red Data Book (of 1992 and 2001) and the “Atlas of Polish Mammals”(Pucek and Raczyński 1983, Pucek 1984). The data collected formed a matrix in which the presence or absence in each of 280 squares (trapeziums) of mammalian species was recorded, along with the number of localities. The number of aerial units with sites for protected and endangered mammals as well as the 91 total mammal species occurring contemporarily in Poland was estimated. The analysis carried out was confined to the species and sites, i.e. those from the 1976–1990 and 1991–2000 censuses. The areas with endangered and protected mammal species are determined partially by habitats of the larger forest complexes, most of which enjoy legal protection. Mammal populations are also related to the areas with high floristic diversity, and are most often connected with forest habitat and the valleys of the greater rivers. The majority of sites housing the highest number of the mammal species investigated are found in the southern, mountainous part of Poland, including the Western and Eastern Carpathians and Sudety Mts., but also in North-East Poland: in Białowieża National Park, Wigry National Park, Narew National Park.
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