Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an obligatory intracellular microsporidian parasite that can infect a wide range of mammals, including rodents, rabbits, horses, carnivores and humans. The main host for E. cuniculi is the rabbit, and infections usually have a sub-clinical course. Clinical symptoms observed in sick animals are those from the central nervous system and the urinary tract. The diagnosis and treatment of encephalitozoonosis in rabbits is difficult. Causal treatment involves the administration of the benzimidazole class of drugs, which demonstrate activity against protozoa. In symptomatic treatment, steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be administered to reduce the swelling of the brain. Flatulence is treated with formulations containing dimethicone or simethicone. The aim of this paper was to present the authors’ observations concerning the standards of rabbit encephalitozoonosis therapy.
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