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Efficiency of the elderly physical recreation programme aimed at improving functional efficiency and quality of life

100%

Les A., Kozdron E., Niedzielska E., Kozdron M.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2018

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tom 12

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nr 2

Background. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Physical Recreation Programme for the Elderly designed by Ewa Kozdroń intended to improve the functional efficiency and quality of life of women over 60 who participated in the programme. Material and methods. The research involved 73 females aged 60-74 who participated in the Physical Recreation Programme for the Elderly. The research used the author’s questionnaire, i.e. EQ-5D questionnaire and Functional Fitness Tests (FFT). Results. The results of our research confirmed a positive relationship between participation in a regular physical activity, the declared level of functional fitness and the perceived quality of life. Conclusions. A positive relationship was found in the study group between participation in regular physical activity, the declared level of functional fitness and the perceived quality of life.

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Health problems of seniors: selected diseases of the old age

88%

Sygit K.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2018

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tom 12

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nr 1

Since the mid-eighties, the Polish society has witnessed a steady increase in the 65+ population. This demographic trend calls for a change in the organisation of health services and healthcare for this segment of the society. Old age is a difficult period in human life, especially if one has not been prepared for it. Individuals experience a number of health restrictions, while the quality of life at that stage of life depends mostly on the accuracy of identifying health needs, their types and the quality of the available solutions. The following paper aims to present literature on the most common health problems amongst the elderly in Poland. Numerous scientific centres in Poland (and abroad) which work with seniors have confirmed that the health situation of this age group is highly unsatisfactory. Seniors often face problems which affect their functioning, independence and self-care. Impairment may be caused by geriatric disorders, which include cardiovascular diseases (the most common cause of death in Poland among persons aged 65+), cancer, diabetes, balance disorders, impaired mobility, falling down, dementia, depression, insomnia, incontinence, soiling, impaired vision and hearing, lower limb muscle cramps at night, and bedsores. The rapid ageing of the society poses numerous challenges for healthcare organisers, educators and doctors with regard to educating, preventing and treating seniors in Poland.

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Physical activity of the elderly: limitations and knowledge about the dangers of hypokinesia

88%

Kubinska Z., Panczuk A.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2021

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tom 15

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nr 2

Background. Researchers often discuss the subject of physical activity (PA) of the elderly in theoretical terms, showing, for example, the protective mechanisms of PA for the body, beneficial effects for health and aging, as well as the principles of effective health training. According to the WHO and EU, few elderly people are physically active. This study aimed to investigate the level of PA of the surveyed elderly people at the present time, compared to when they were younger. Potential limitations in PA of the respondents and their knowledge about the dangers of hypokinesia were also investigated. Material and methods. This study assessed 217 people, aged 60-85, living in the northern part of the Lublin Province, Poland. It used an original interview questionnaire. Results. Systematic PA performed by respondents earlier in life involved mainly household and backyard activities, professional work, and participation in physical education lessons. The currently most frequent activities were found to be walking (75.6%) and gardening (66.4%). Women much more often than men participated and reported their willingness to be active in organized PA. Various limitations prevented respondents from being physically active. The greatest number of respondents reported disability, physical weakness, kinesiophobia, and multiple diseases (34.6%) as the main barrier, followed by lack of skills to organize physical exercises (27.7%). Concerning threats of hypokinesia, respondents most often indicated obesity, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and arterial hypertension. Conclusions. The level of PA of the surveyed elderly people, limitations preventing PA, and low level of knowledge about the delayed consequences of hypokinesia suggests a need for seniors’ health education in physioprophylaxis.

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Determinants of self-assessment of physical fitness in persons aged 45-89

88%

Kotarska K., Nowak M. A.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2018

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tom 12

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nr 2

Background. Scientific studies on ageing have repeatedly shown positive correlations between physical activity and physical fitness and health. The following study shows that people who were involved in different forms of physical activity had higher self-assessment of own fitness, also in the long term. The aim of the study was to investigate the determinants of the self-assessment of physical fitness in people aged 45-89 years. Material and methods. The study involved 300 persons aged 45-89 years, who were diagnosed with a diagnostic survey using the following research techniques: a questionnaire, interview and observation. The qualitative and quantitative analyses were based on the frequency of traits, chi-square independence tests, and multivariate correspondence analyses. Results. Self-assessment of physical fitness depended on age, family roles and employment status. Higher levels of fitness were reported by (i) respondents engaged in recreational exercise and (ii) former professional athletes. Going on holidays in the previous year, travelling in the past and at present were also correlated with higher self-assessment of physical fitness. Conclusions. Self-assessment of physical fitness seems to be a good indicator of the physical activity in the elderly. Positive self-assessment helps address the challenges of old age and seems to be crucial for successful ageing. Hence, there is a need to create programmes with a broader spectrum of influence to activate the elderly.

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Physical activity in promoting health of the elderly

88%

Parnicka U.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2018

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tom 12

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nr 4

Ageing, as a physiological process in human ontogenesis, is inevitable. However, it can assume a mild form. What can slow down involutionary processes within the limits of optimal human abilities and biological needs is physical activity. In addition, physical activity seems to be of great importance in the treatment and rehabilitation of various injuries and old-age diseases. The primary objective of the paper is to show the health benefits of physical activity in involutionary processes; that is ageing of individual physiological systems and human motor skills. The work bases on available and current literature on the subject which forwards research in this field and draws on the sources relating to this particular issue. Many extensive studies indicate that physical activity is an essential element of health promotion and gerontological prophylaxis. General improvement of health due to physical activity refers to the improvement of cardiovascular and respiratory functions, prevention of degenerative changes in the spine, prevention of civilisation diseases, mental relaxation, pleasure, satisfaction, socialisation, escape from loneliness, counteracting boredom, everyday monotony, as well as spending much time in a valuable way. Properly selected and health stimulation training can enhance the general physical fitness, through better motor functions. Along with an overall increase in life expectancy, there appears a greater need to develop research on the role of physical activity in the elderly. Physical activity in old age is a precious element of a healthy lifestyle, prevention and therapy in many diseases. It reinforces independence till old age, which is vital in coping with stress.

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Snacking - risks and benefits for older people

88%

Brzozowska A.

Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm. Suplement

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2016

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tom 43

Snacking is a nutrition phenomenon common among the elderly. There are various patterns, motives and circumstances of snacking, and we still need to do more research to discover the nature of its impact on health. Snacking is usually associated with high energetic density and low content of nutrients, and in this context it may result in excess weight and obesity. However, snacking can be also beneficial for health as it supplements daily food intake with energetic components and other nutrients, as well as fluids, which usually have to be supplemented when an elderly person has only three meals a day. When providing guidelines regarding snacking for the elderly, we have to bear in mind that there is no universal solution for everyone. It is necessary to adjust the guidelines to the body weight and its changes, as well as to the condition of health. Generally, reasonable snacking including such products as vegetables, fruit, low-fat dairy products or wholegrain products, may be of practical significance for improving the quality of the diet of the elderly, both living with their families and in some sort of social care institution or nursing home, and finally for improving their general health condition and quality of life.

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Assessing physical activity in the elderly: a comparative study of most popular questionnaires

75%

Krol-Zielinska M., Ciekot M.

Trends in Sport Sciences

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2015

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tom 22

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nr 3

Introduction. During assessing physical activity researchers often use self-reported methods which may not meet psychometric standards and can lead to false results due to the application of inaccurate or wrongly chosen tools. Aim of Study. The aim of this paper was to compile a list of most popular questionnaires used for assessing physical activity among the elderly and to examine their qualitative and psychometric characteristics. Methods. An analysis of articles published in international scientific journals on the topic of physical activity assessment among elderly people was performed in order to select reliable and valid questionnaires. Results. Twenty-one papers containing information on psychometric criteria of eleven questionnaires were analyzed. The majority of reliability and validity studies were performed on the PASE and YPAS questionnaires. In terms of objectivity, the best ones turned out to be the CHAMPS, IPAQ, PAQE, PASE, and YPAS questionnaires. The highest reliability assessment scores were given to the APAFOP, PAR, PAQE, and QAPSE questionnaires. The best validation scores with objective methods assessing physical activity were carried out for the APAFOP, PAQE, PASE, and YPAS questionnaires. Conclusions. Among the analyzed questionnaires, the best one in terms of objectivity, standardization, validity, and reliability was the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS).

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Dietary intakes of iron and zinc assessed in a selected group of the elderly: are they adequate?

75%

Madej D., Borowska K., Bylinowska J., Szybalska A., Pietruszka B.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2013

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tom 64

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nr 2

Background. Many studies demonstrate that the elderly consume a nutritionally inadequate diet that includes deficiencies in macro- and microelements; iron and zinc being significant examples of the former. Objectives. To assess the adequacy of dietary iron and zinc intakes in the elderly. Material and methods. The study was conducted on n=102 elderly persons, participating in the PolSenior Project, aged over 65, of which 44 were women and 58 men. Consumption data were collected by using 3 day dietary record from which a usual intakes of energy, macroelements (iron and zinc) were calculated. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut point and z-scores methods were used to determine probabilities of whether iron and zinc uptake was adequate per subject. Results. By using the EAR cut-point method it was stated that iron intake was inadequate for 5% of respondents, whereas 44% showed deficits in zinc (34% women and 52% men). The z-scores demonstrated that 3% of subjects had high probabilities of deficiencies in iron and 52% in zinc. Indeed, very high zinc deficiencies were observed in 20% of cases. Conclusions. The insufficient energy intake observed among respondents contributes to a high risk of zinc deficiency necessary to ensure health in the elderly. In most cases, the low risk of iron deficiency shows that there is no need to increase this nutrient uptake in the examined group of elderly. The study highlights the need for educating the elderly, especially focused on improving zinc intake without changing iron intake. It can be done through appropriate dietary choices so as to include products such as dairy products, wheat bran, pumpkin and sunflower seeds, beans, lentils and nuts.

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Body composition in the elderly

75%

Steen B.

Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm

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1990

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tom 17

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nr 4

Zmiany w składzie starzejącego się ludzkiego ciała są przedmiotem zainteresowania zarówno gerontologów jak i geriatrów; odzwierciedlają czynniki genetyczne i środowiskowe, takie jak aktywność fizyczna, żywienie i choroba, jak również fizjologiczne procesy starzenia się. Istnieje wiele dostępnych metod umożliwiających zrozumienie różnych przedziałów u ludzi. Badania nad składem ciała w wyższej grupie wiekowej prowadziliśmy w tym samym laboratorium przez około dwadzieścia lat stosując czteroprzedziałowy model przy wykorzystaniu całkowitej zawartości w organizmie potasu oraz wody. Błędy, którymi obarczone są takie metody, zostały dokładnie przedyskutowane w innych pracach. Prospektywne badania składu ciała, przeprowadzone w ramach tej pracy, u tych samych mężczyzn i kobiet od wieku 70 do 81 lat wykazały spadek ciężaru ciała podczas tego dziesięciolecia u obu płci, średnio o 7 kg u mężczyzn i 6 kg u kobiet. Ten spadek ciężaru ciała mógł być częściowo spowodowany obniżeniem zawartości tłuszczu. Zmiany w zawartości tłuszczu w ciele były jednak zbyt małe, by osiągnąć znamienność statystyczną. Co się tyczy masy komórkowej ciała, nasze badania wykazały, że utrata ciężaru ciała u mężczyzn bardziej odpowiada utracie masy komórkowej, natomiast u kobiet bardziej utracie tłuszczu. W tym kontekście warto zauważyć, że ćwiczenia fizyczne kończyn dolnych, włączając ćwiczenia siłowe, są skuteczne także u osób starszych. Ponadto, wyniki kilku prac badawczych wykazały, że zastosowanie wysiłku fizycznego może być efektywną metodą zapobiegającą utracie zawartości mineralnej kości i osteoporozie. W naszej pracy najważniejszą przyczyną spadku ciężaru ciała podczas ósmej dekady życia był spadek zawartości wody w ciele, głównie wody pozakomórkowej.

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Assessment of water intake from food and beverages by elderly in Poland

75%

Drywien M. E., Galon K.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2016

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tom 67

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nr 4

Background. Fluid intake in elderly is more important than in younger individuals, because compromised homeostatic mechanisms such as loss of the thirst sensation can result in dehydration. Objective. The aim of the present study was the assessment of water intake from food and beverages by free-living elderly in Poland. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 138 volunteers (women and men) at the age of 60 to 90, recruited from Warsaw and Płock Universities of the Third Age and different informal groups from the same cities. Food and beverages consumption data were collected using the method of records for 3 days, including two weekdays and one week-end day, in the period April – June 2012. Results. Average values of total water intake in the present study indicated that women meets of the European Food Safety Agency recommendations (2000 mL/day), but men did not (less about 200 mL/day than the recommended 2500 mL/day). Taking into account the criterion of water per energy intake (mL/kcal) 51% of women and 75% of men did not meet the recommendation. Conclusions. Continuation of the careers and/or participation in Universities of the Third Age contributed to less intake of water from beverages, what in turn affected the total water intake. The elderly leading an active life (working, studying) may be a risk group vulnerable to dehydration, so monitoring is needed.

11

Qualitative evaluation of diets of students at the University of the Third Age at Koszalin University of Technology

75%

Kwiatkowska M., Walczak Z.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2016

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tom 67

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nr 1

Background. Nutrition plays an important role in the elderly stage of life. A proper proportion of the individual nutritional ingredients in a diet may positively impact the ageing body. This positive influence consists in slowing down the undesired and unfavourable physiological alterations leading inevitably to the general weakness of the body. Objective. The aim of the paper was to perform a qualitative analysis with the Starzyńska scoring system for diets, the daily food rations (DFR), among students of the University of the Third Age at the Koszalin University of Technology (Poland). Material and methods. The studied materials consisted of the 7-day current records made by 79 students (16 males and 63 females) of the University of the Third Age at the Koszalin University of Technology and the measurements of body weight, height and waistline. The records were qualitatively evaluated with Starzyńska’s test. Results. It was found that approximately half of the students were overweight or obese. The majority consumed the recommended number of meals. About 44% of the students consumed animal protein with all meals. Milk and cheese were ingested daily with at least two meals by approximately 11% of the students. Fruit and vegetables are eaten on a daily basis by about 60% of the students. Almost 40% ate wholegrain bread, groats, and dried legumes. The statistical analysis of the means for the points of individual indicators did not reveal any statistically significant difference between women and men (p>0.05). Conclusions. Approximately ¾ of the evaluated diets were inaccurately formulated and required radical modification. The low frequency of animal protein, milk and cheese, wholegrain bread, groats and dried legume consumption may result in deficiencies in certain nutrients. Nutritional education is recommended, focusing on the correct way to formulate meals. The recorded level of overweight and obesity in the students indicates a need for a quantitative assessment of consumption considering, among others, the energy input in their diets.

12

Dietary habits of elderly populations in Sweden

75%

Steen B.

Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm

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1990

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tom 17

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nr 4

Dobrze znane są zwyczaje żywieniowe ludzi starszych zamieszkałych w różnych rejonach Szwecji. Wykazują one duże podobieństwo. W większości przypadków przeciętne spożycie energii i składników odżywczych znacznie przekracza zalecane normy spożycia; zróżnicowanie jest jednak duże, co odzwierciedlają wartości odchylenia standardowego osiągające często 25% wartości średnich. Niektóre składniki odżywcze, jak białko, wapń i witamina D, jak również pewne wskaźniki i czynniki ryzyka zasługują na szczególną uwagę.

13

Social functioning of elderly people living in rural areas

75%

Dziechciaz M., Chmielewski J., Florek-Luszczki M., Czarny-Dzialak M. A., Luszczki J. J.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2018

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tom 12

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nr 3

Background. The aim of this work was to assess social functioning of elderly people living in rural areas. Material and methods. The authors used own interview questionnaire to collect the data. The study was conducted in 504 citizens, older than 65 years, from eight villages. Results. Women were more frequently widowed than men, had low educational level and lived alone. As most responses showed (51.98%), the received benefits did not cover the respondents’ current needs and 5.95% of them claimed that they were insufficient. The remaining respondents, i.e. 42.06%, stated that the available resources fulfilled their needs. The respondents would also point to family’s aid (n=411; 81.55%) or spouse’s aid (n=147; 29.56%). Only 37 people benefited from social care (n=504; 7.34%), of which 24 (64.86%) claimed that the help provided by social care was insufficient. Conclusions. Old women in rural areas tend to live alone more frequently, are widowed and have lower level of education than men. The received financial benefits do not fully cover current needs of older residents of rural areas regardless of sex. Among people of over 65 years living in rural areas, the majority (81.55%) would point to family support and only 2.18% indicated social care as a source of income.

14

Restaurants and hotels expenditure in Polish households of the elderly

75%

Piekut M.

Ekonomia i Zarządzanie: Wiedza. Raporty. Diagnozy. Analizy. Przykłady

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2016

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tom 08

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nr 1

15

Utilising the professional potential of the elderly in the process of construction of silver economy in Poland

75%

Niewiadomska A., Sobolewska-Poniedzialek E.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia

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2015

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tom 14

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nr 1

The issue of professional activity of the elderly is currently the subject of intense debate. The projected decline in the population of young people makes it necessary to raise the level of professional involvement of the more mature part of the labour force. The increase in the economic activity of people aged 50+ is seen as an opportunity to preserve the continuity of economic growth. This paper explores the issue of the possibility of utilising the professional potential of elderly people in the context of the construction of silver economy, paying attention to the possible benefi ts stemming from the implementation of its principles.

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Differences in frequency of fruit and vegetables intake among older Europeans - food in later life project

63%

Szczecinska A., Kozlowska K., Roszkowski W., Brzozowska A., Raats M., Lumbers M.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement

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2007

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tom 04

243-251

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Hypoglycemic side effects of sulfonylureas and repaglinide in ageing patients - knowledge and self-management

63%

Harsch I. A., Kaestner R. H., Konturek P. C.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2018

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tom 69

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nr 4

18

Sense of social interaction in the elderly

63%

Pokorski M., Cajdler A., Menzyk K.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2008

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tom 59

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nr 6

573-578

19

Aging with quality of life - a challenge for society

63%

Hauser G., Neumann M.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2005

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tom 56

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nr 2

35-48

This article focusses on biological, nutritional, psychological, medical and social variables which have proven useful indicators for assessing wellbeing of individuals. Such objective data (measured by the two investigators) and subjective information (self-reported by the participants) were collected between 2002-2003 from samples of healthy, freeliving females and males aged between 59 and 92 years from Vienna and surroundings. In both these groups some habitual practices (habit variables) were observed of elderly and old which have a negative influence on health i.e low daily liquid uptake and smoking. There is also a fair amount of overweight and obesity (BMI>=30) and also of hypertension, particularly in males, There is also malnourishment, predominantly in females, as reflected by the Body Cell Mass Index. Several participants either were not aware of being hypertensive or admitted that they deliberately ignored medical advice. With respect to social variables there are greater percentages of married males and widowed females. Possibly partially resulting from this loss of the partner a greater number of females report feelings of loneliness than do males. Positive results relate to the overall high percentages of family contacts, positive feelings towards life and physical activity as reported by the large majority of the participants. These findings stress the need for further information of living habits of the elderly and old as a possible guide of helping improve their quality of life.

20

Feasibility of the Epworth sleepiness scale in a sample of geriatric in-hospital patients

63%

Frohnhofen H., Popp R., Willmann V., Heuer H. C., Firat A.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2009

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tom 60

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nr 5

Ograniczanie wyników

Efficiency of the elderly physical recreation programme aimed at improving functional efficiency and quality of life

Health problems of seniors: selected diseases of the old age

Physical activity of the elderly: limitations and knowledge about the dangers of hypokinesia

Determinants of self-assessment of physical fitness in persons aged 45-89

Physical activity in promoting health of the elderly

Snacking - risks and benefits for older people

Assessing physical activity in the elderly: a comparative study of most popular questionnaires

Dietary intakes of iron and zinc assessed in a selected group of the elderly: are they adequate?

Body composition in the elderly

Assessment of water intake from food and beverages by elderly in Poland

Qualitative evaluation of diets of students at the University of the Third Age at Koszalin University of Technology

Dietary habits of elderly populations in Sweden

Social functioning of elderly people living in rural areas

Restaurants and hotels expenditure in Polish households of the elderly

Utilising the professional potential of the elderly in the process of construction of silver economy in Poland

Differences in frequency of fruit and vegetables intake among older Europeans - food in later life project

Hypoglycemic side effects of sulfonylureas and repaglinide in ageing patients - knowledge and self-management

Sense of social interaction in the elderly

Aging with quality of life - a challenge for society

Feasibility of the Epworth sleepiness scale in a sample of geriatric in-hospital patients