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Extracellular matrix components of benign ovarian tumours (cystadenoma, adenofibroma, cystadenofibroma) were analysed. The investigated tumours contained twice as much collagen than control ovarian tissues. Significant alterations in mutual quantitative relationships between collagens of various types were observed. The proportion of type I collagen decreased and that of type III collagen increased. The accumulation of collagen was accompanied by a reduction in sulphated glycosaminoglycan content whereas the amount of hyaluronic acid was not changed. Dermatan sulphate was the most abundant glycosaminoglycan component. It is suggested that the accumulation of collagen (natural barrier to the migration of tumour cells) and underexpression of glycosaminoglycans/proteoglycans (binding some growth factors and interleukins) may exert an inhibitory effect on tumour growth.
Soluble tropoelastin is a precursor of elastin. It is transported by elastin binding protein (EBP) into intercellular space. The EBP-tropoelastin complex undergoes disintegration in the intercellular space. EBP returns to the cell and tropoelastin joins with microfibril proteins. Lysine residues of tropoelastin undergo oxidative deamination. Desmosine, isodesmosine and cross bonds arise. Thus tropoelastin loses solubility and transforms to elastin. The elastic fiber created consists of microfibrils on the periphery and an elastin core inside. Elastin provides blood vessels, lungs, cartilage and skin with the ability to reverse deformations. A decrease of elastin content or changes in this protein structure results in pathological conditions such as aneurysms and pulmonary emphysema.
The walls of human abdominal aortas and atherosclerosis-induced aneurysms contain similar amounts of collagen. The quantitative ratio between collagens of various types of this protein does not differ significantly either, whereas solubility of the collagen in aneurysmal wall and its susceptibility to the action of EDTA are distinctly decreased. In contrast with collagen, the amount of elastin in aneurysms is significantly lower. Total amount of glycosaminoglycans slightly decreased as compared with that of normal tissue, but the ratio of particular compounds varies. The percentage of chondroitin sulphate is increased and that of heparan sulphate significantly decreased. The significance of these changes in pathogenesis of aneurysms is discussed.
The aim of the study was to determine if any sphincter-like areas are present in the gastrointestinal tract arteries of domestic cattle, and to establish their morphology and topography. It was achieved by analysing the celiac trunks of seven cows. By the means of a light microscopy evaluation, thickenings in the tunica media of the celiac artery and its primary branches were detected. Having determined their topography, a histometric measurement was carried out and encompassed the thickness of the tunica media, the number of circular layers of muscular cells and elastic fibres at the thickest point of the vessel and above it. Electron microscopy of the thickenings demonstrated at least three types of cells: fibroblast-like, typical myoblasts oriented perpendicularly to deeper-situated myocytes and cells with smooth muscle-cell characteristics, as well as numerous centres of elastin and collagen.
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