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In a field experiment conducted near Poznan (Poland) eggs of Ascaris suum were found to have penetrated the soil according to the dispersion of percolating water which depends mainly on the soil structure and texture. Under natural conditions, after 17 months, the eggs were recovered in soil down to a depth of 8-21 cm. Out of the 50,000 Ascaris eggs used for contamination of each soil sample only 0. 1-4.5% survived for 17 months in the larval stage and most of these remained within 1-5 cm of the soil surface. It was observed that some of the eggs may have their development temporarily arrested.
Decontamination effectiveness of ammonium-ferric(III)-hexacyanoferrate(II) (AFCF) in reducing the radiocaesium transfer to hen eggs was examined. The albumen activity concentration for ¹³⁷Cs was higher than that in egg yolk. The most effective reduction of radioactivity concentrations in all egg components was noted in birds treated with hexacyanoferrate from the first day of radioisotope administration. Radioactivity concentrations in hens treated simultaneously with ¹³⁷CsCI and a caesium binder were lower by >90% than those in the controls at selected measurement intervals. The decontamination efficiency lowered with the delayed AFCF treatment.
Description of the egg of Rhinomorinia sarcophagina (Schin.) illustrated by scanning micrographs is given. A key for the identification of the eggs of eight species of Rhinophoridae is included.
The work was carried out in the villages of the Łomianki commune near Warsaw, Poland (52°20'N, 20°50'E) in 1994 and 1995. From among 315 clutches of Tree Sparrows studied, 20 exhibited one-day interruptions in the laying of first and second broods, while 2 were characterised by two-day interruptions. Amongst third broods, there was just a single one-day interruption noted in each year of the study. Interruptions did not occur immediately prior to the laying of the last egg in a clutch. Only in the case of the first brood in 1995 could a period of cold account for interruptions; in the remaining cases, the phenomenon must have been influenced by non-meteorological factors. The Tree Sparrow resembles the House Sparrow Passer domesticus in having far fewer interruptions to laying than other small hole-nesting birds, such as tits Parus spp. This is probably a reflection of the genus Passer having evolved in dry areas, where the accumulation of body reserves in the female prior to laying is an adaptation reducing the length of the breeding period to match the time associated with the rainy season, when food is abundant.
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