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The changing environment and human activities: implications for human health

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Yiljika J. D., Danna J. Z.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2014

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tom 15

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nr 1

Change in the environment is inevitable and rapid. The cause of the change could be a natural phenomena or life processes. Human activity such as development of agriculture and technology which give rise to widespread industrialization has led to potentially changing environment as a result of pollution culminating in the release of harmful substances such as Agricultural waste, industrial waste, metal scraps, sewage, microbial concentration, oil spills etc. into the soil, water or air. Human environmental intervention as in the construction of dams and diversion of rivers is another cause of change in the environment. Other causes are ozone depletion, Acid rain and acid mine drainage etc. The impact of the changing environment on human health identified in this paper seek to explore the causes of environmental change, effect of human activities on causes of environmental change and effect of changing environment on human health. The findings identified some effects of human activities as outbreaks of infectious diseases leading to human incapacitation and death in severe cases, damage genetic material leading to heritable genetic disorders, malnourishment as a result of wiping out of plants and animal life. Others are skin cancer, reduction of life expectancy etc. some recommendation were made which are Environmental conservation measures, Governments and Non-governmental organizations educating the citizenry.

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Pine ecosystem response to warming along North-South climatic transect in Europe: presentation of research project

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Breymeyer A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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tom 51

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nr 4

An attempt was made to evaluate the response of the ecosystem to changes of climate in ten pine forest stands. It was assumed that the ecosystem response to environmental change can be evaluated by examining differences in ecosystem structures and would be measured through the change in the rates of ecosystem processes. The changes of structures and rates are registered along the longest, N-S transect available on the European Continent above 50°N. This transect is within the belt crossing Northern Scandinavia (Norway and Finland up to 70°N), the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and Eastern Poland (from 50°N). The transect covers 20 degrees of latitude and is more than 2000 km long. The difference in average annual temperature (long-term measurements) between the two extreme sites exceeds 9°C, and there is a regular southward increase of average site temperature. Precipitation does not show any regular pattern of change along the transect. Average site elevation is 86 m a.s.l., and the average forest age 110 years. All sites are dominated by an overstory of Scots pine, and in the Braun-Blanquet classification they all belong to Vaccinio-Piceetea class of forests, which are common in Europe. During four years of study (1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000) four expeditions to the transect were organized. The following studies were conducted on each site: the origin and structure as well as physical and chemical features of soils; tree stand age, height, basal area, biomass and carbon content; vertical and horizontal structure of ground vegetation, its diversity, biomass and carbon content; litter fall, its decomposition and accumulation; and radial growth of trees.

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Characteristics of diurnal water loss of five adjacent ecosystems at Changbai Mountains in Northeast China

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Chen X., Li B. L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 3

Changes in ecosystem water consumption and hydrological processes following ecosystem alterations are important for environmental management and regional water supply. In this study on relatively dry days, the temporal dynamics of diurnal soil water contents at different soil depths were investigated within five adjacent ecosystems (primary forest and four ecosystems changed from the primary forest after human disturbance – clear-cut, grassland, shrub and secondary forest) at the altitude around 700 m a.s.l. at Changbai Mountain in Northeast China. On July 17, 2001 the diurnal water loss in the clear-cut was the highest among the five ecosystems and reached about 3.74 ¥ 10⁵ kg ha⁻¹, and it was lowest and about 1.07 ¥ 10⁵ kg ha⁻¹ in the primary forest of mixed broadleaved Korean pine forest. The temporal dynamics of soil water contents at different depths in the studied ecosystems were complicated but there were some common characteristics. First, soil water contents were higher at soil surface (about 0–10 cm) and then decreased with the soil depths. Second, soil moisture fluctuations were most rapid in the depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, and were comparatively slow and more moderate at the greater depths. The spatial and temporal changes of soil water content might be related with aboveground plants. Therefore, after the primary forest was converted to other ecosystems the hydrological characteristics of the ecosystem were changed, which would potentially affect regional hydrological processes.

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Selected invasive species of the Polish and European avifaunae

51%

Lukasiewicz M., Matuszewski A., Florczuk Kolomyja P., Kamaszewski M., Wardecki L.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

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2018

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tom 57[1]

Selected invasive species of the Polish and European avifaunae.The present paper defines the potentially invasive and invasive non-native species of Polish avifauna that constitute a potential threat to the biodiversity and the ecosystems. The work describes two pieces of legislation currently in force in Poland that deal with the issue of invasive bird species. At the national level the issue is regulated by Art. 120 of the Act of 16 April 2004 on Nature Conservation, which prohibits the relocation of the listed species and their introduction into the natural environment. At the EU level, the relevant legal act currently in force is the Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the EP and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. An overview of non-native and invasive species is included, which takes account of the Canada Goose (Branta canadensis), the Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus), and the Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis). In addition to the species included in the national law, mention is also made of potentially invasive non-native species, namely the Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) and the exotic Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri). Using members of Anseriformes as examples, the paper discusses concerns regarding brood parasitism and hybridization of birds. Measures undertaken to control invasive species are mainly limited to monitoring, but they also include trapping and eradication via shooting in certain cases.|

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Polish Journal of Ecology

1 Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

1 International Letters of Natural Sciences

1 Breymeyer A.

1 Chen X.

1 Danna J. Z.

1 Florczuk Kolomyja P.

1 Kamaszewski M.

1 Li B. L.

1 Lukasiewicz M.

1 Matuszewski A.

1 Wardecki L.

1 Yiljika J. D.

1 2018

1 2014

1 2004

1 2003

The changing environment and human activities: implications for human health

Pine ecosystem response to warming along North-South climatic transect in Europe: presentation of research project

Characteristics of diurnal water loss of five adjacent ecosystems at Changbai Mountains in Northeast China

Selected invasive species of the Polish and European avifaunae