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An assessment of the performance of landlocked developing countries on institutional development

100%

Kyrylych K.

Handel Wewnętrzny

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2014

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tom 60

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nr 4

In her article, the author looks at the institutional performance of landlocked developing countries (LLDC) during 1996, 2003 and 2012 as she believes that the effectiveness of institutional mechanisms in the countries determine economic development as well as geographical issues. As an assessment of the performance of LLDC on institutional development is a complex issue which evolves over a period of time; a comparative and analytical-synthetic method is believed to be suitable for meeting the objectives of the research paper. We found out that the institutional component is underestimated in the Almaty Programme of Action (APoA) as the United Nations document addressing the special needs of LLDC. We recommend the next Programme of Action focus more on institutional reforms as far as market-friendly institutions are the primary instrument of achieving the economic prosperity of LLDC through raising a civil society, promoting a good business environment, attracting investment and improving trade efficiency.

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Present retail network of Bratislava and some tendencies in consumers’ purchasing behaviour

84%

Kita J., Grossmanova M., Kita P.

Handel Wewnętrzny

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2014

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tom 60

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nr 3

The article deals with the present retail network of the capital city of Slovakia, Bratislava, the localisation of which influences purchasing, which is a part of everyday life of consumers. Getting and making the geographical data on the retail network on the basis of new information technologies in the sphere of cartography more precise is made possible by making use of geomarketing in the sphere of retail trade, which offers new opportunities in its research. The structure of the article includes the characteristics of retail network of Bratislava and its influence on behaviour of consumers, methodology and results of research organised on the territory of Bratislava. At the end, the importance of the carried out research results for praxis is given.

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Waterfowl wintering in Moscow [1985-1999]: dependence on air temperatures and the prosperity of the human population

67%

Avilova K. V., Eremkin G. S.

Acta Ornithologica

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2001

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tom 36

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nr 1

Over fifteen years (1985-1999) waterfowl were counted during one day in January on 33 permanent routes with a total length of c. 310 km along the banks of all rivers and ponds throughout the city. 23 species (apart from gulls) were recorded. The number of species varied from 3 to 10 in different years and increased significantly during the study period. Mallard Anas platyrhynchos was the most numerous species (98-99% of individuals). The proportion of male Mallards varied from year to year within the range 54—63%. The number of Mallards gradually increased from c. 17 300 in the winter of 1984-1985 to c. 28 000 in the winter of 1989-90 but then declined to c. 7500 in the winter of 1997-1998. These changes appear to depend on both air temperatures during the winter and the prosperity of the city's inhabitants, who feed ducks with bread and scraps of food. It is highly probable that the change in the socio-economic situation has been the main cause of the decline in waterfowl observed during the 1990s.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Handel Wewnętrzny

1 Acta Ornithologica

1 Avilova K. V.

1 Eremkin G. S.

1 Grossmanova M.

1 Kita J.

1 Kita P.

1 Kyrylych K.

2 2014

1 2001

An assessment of the performance of landlocked developing countries on institutional development

Present retail network of Bratislava and some tendencies in consumers’ purchasing behaviour

Waterfowl wintering in Moscow [1985-1999]: dependence on air temperatures and the prosperity of the human population