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The studies aimed at determining the influence of acetic acid concentrations on Salmonella spp. in microbiological media and on turkey carcasses. The average number of bacteria in control samples without the supplement of acetic acid was for S. Enteritidis 1.3 · 10⁸, S. Anatum 1.9 · 10⁸ and S. Typhimurium 2.3 · 10⁸. Acetic acid in agar medium at 0.1% concentration inhibited growth of studies Salmonella strains entirely. In case of acetic acid concentration of 0.05% the number of bacteria compared to the controls decreased by 6 logarithmic cycles. In case of 0.03% concentration the number of S. Anatum decreased by 5 logarithmic cycles while S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium by 4 logarithmic cycles. In the presence of 0.02% acetic acid S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium grew in numbers that were within the same logarithmic range, only S. Anatum decreased in number by one logarithmic cycle as compared to the controls. The results of studies obtained after immersing elements of turkey carcasses in acetic acid indicate that the recovery of Salmonella spp. from the samples depends on the inoculum of those bacteria in poultry carcass surface. In case of contamination with 10 colony forming units (cfu) of Salmonella spp. on the surface of a turkey carcass element and immersing it for 15 minutes in 1%, 1.5% and 2% acetic acid solutions a decrease in the number of samples from which those microorganisms were recovered as compared to the number of control samples was recorded. In case of contamination with 10² cfu on the turkey carcass surface and immersing it in tested 1%, 1.5% and 2% solutions of acetic acid for 15 minutes no influence on detection of Salmonella spp. was recorded. The inhibitory influence of acetic acid on Salmonella spp. was much more pronounced in case of the microbiological medium than in case of poultry carcasses on which satisfactory elimination of Salmonella spp. was not achieved.
The present review article deals with the current knowledge on the most important reasons of quantitative and qualitative losses during breeding and turnover before slaughtering of farm animals. At present, the profitability of every economic activity of people is an indispensable necessity. As regards farm animals there are many factors, seemingly banal ones, that determine the final economical effect and satisfaction of such activity. Many essential errors are made by producers as a result of ignorance or not complying with the basic needs of their behaviour. The turnover only deepens these neglects. The most essential limitations of these quantitative and qualitative losses are the proper selection and joining of the animals as well as an exact knowledge and complying with their natural behaviour. Such activity decreases animal stress, improves a proper welfare and consequently increases economical effects considerably.
The aim of the study was the evaluation and optimisation of PCR test for the detection of dermonecrotoxin gene (DNT) of Bordetella bronchiseptica. For the optimisation of the test, vaccine strain B16 was used. The optimisation procedure included: estimation of optimal Mg²⁺ concentration, annealing temperature, numbers of cycles, as well as sensitivity. The specificity of PCR test was checked with DNA of other pathogens existing in pigs' respiratory tract. The elaborated test was specific and sensitive to detect DNT gene of B. bronchiseptica, in both clinical samples, as well as in pure culture of the bacteria.
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In 1997, supplying Plant Pathogenic Microorganism Collection, microflora of diseased root crops from field and storage was analyzed. Samples from Districts lnspectors of PIOR from area of Poland were received, and 139 isolates of fungi from 369 samples of sugar and forage beat, forage cabbage, forage carrot and potatoes were obtained. The most often fungi from genus Fusarium occurred, and 23.5% of isolates from beet, 14.2% from cabbage, 29.5% from carrot and 48,2% from potatoes were received. The second dominant was species Alternaria alternata, isolated from diseased plants in 28.9%, 50%, 18.5% and 20% respectively. Among saprophytic fungi, species Penicillium and Aspergillus were represented in 9,7% of obtained isolates. Received results suggcsted that Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternata could be potentially dangerous for root crops as a pathogens or weak pathogens.
Bovine mastitis caused by Prototheca spp. can be a disease of high significance because of economic losses and the potential risk to public health. e aim of our study was to evaluate enzymatic activity of Prototheca zopfii. For this study, we used 15 P. zopfii strains previously isolated from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis in Poland. We determined enzymatic profile of Prototheca species using the API ZYM system. Of the enzymatic activities detected during the study, acid phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, naphthol-as-bi-phosphohydrolase, esterase, lipase esterase, valine arylamidase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase C14 were found in high percentage of strains.
The trematode parasite Fasciola hepatica infects a wide variety of mammals, causing considerable economical losses in domestic animals. It is also an important zoonosis. The major pathology of fasciolosis is caused by immature flukes migrating in the liver parenchyma and later by adult flukes in the bile ducts. Egg related immunopathology, commonly observed in the closely related parasite Schistosoma sp., is not normally expected in fasciolosis because the parasite matures and produces eggs in the bile ducts. However, the paper reports a case of Fasciola hepatica-egg induced granuloma in a bovine liver parenchyma and discusses its significance in the pathogenesis of fasciolosis.
Neospora caninum, an apicomplexan protozoan causes economical losses due to reproductive failure associated with abortion among cattle. The diagnosis of neosporosis is difficult, due to nonspecific clinical signs and there are no parasitological examinations which can help to recognise neosporosis in vivo. Milk of seropositive cows was examined for both, IgG level to antigens of N. caninum and the presence of DNA of the parasite. Our results revealed that a milk sample from a seropositive cow diluted from 1:2 to 1:8 showed more than five times higher IgG level against N. caninum antigen when compared with a seronegative sample. Additionally, PCR test with Np6 and Np21 primers gave a 328 bp product in examined samples and confirmed the presence of N. caninum DNA in milk of seropositive cows. Data confirmed that vertical transmission of N. caninum from dams to older animals, in the late or post lactation period by milk should be taken into account. Moreover, the milk could be suitable in detection of N. caninum infection in cows using two complementary methods: ELISA and PCR.
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