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1

Habitat use of Hipparchia semele (Lepidoptera) in its artificial stronghold: necessity of the resource-based habitat view in restoration of disturbed sites

100%
Tropek R., Cizek O., Kadlec T., Klecka J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2017
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tom 65
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nr 3
Post-industrial sites, including fly ash deposits, are common landscape components in many Central European regions. Their effective restoration is thus crucial because such habitats have been recognised as critical secondary refuges for many endangered and declining species. Controversially, the overwhelming majority of restoration projects consider vegetation units as the restoration target and thus ignore various habitat resources of many endangered species. Our study details habitat-use of the grayling Hipparchia semele, a European endemic xerothermophilous specialist and one of the most rapidly declining butterflies in Central Europe, inhabiting a fly ash deposit in the Kadaň region, western Czech Republic. We estimated its population to 510 males and 346 females by the capture-mark-recapture method during its whole flight period. By detailed recording of all observed specimens' behaviour, we show that this species uses resources from distinct vegetation units, such as exposed and disturbed spots, ruderal regrowths, solitary trees and shrubs, rocks and artificial concrete structures. Because the studied population can act as a source for the whole region, the grayling's ecological needs should be considered in any restoration project. Oppositely, the originally planned restoration of dry grasslands based on plant species composition of vegetation would very probably threaten one of the last two metapopulations in the whole country. Using the grayling's case, we thus warn against the vegetation-based habitat approach in restoration ecology; the resource-based habitat approach should be prioritised, especially when considering needs of the most threatened and/or umbrella species.
2

Success of wild pear Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. in colonization of steep sunny slopes: an interdisciplinary study in the Bielinek Reserve (NW Poland)

100%
Antkowiak W., Cedro A., Prajs B., Wolko L., Michalak M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2012
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tom 60
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nr 1
A local population of Pyrus pyraster was studied in dry and warm habitats: xerothermic grasslands Potentillo-Stipetum capillatae and Adonido-Brachypodietum, as well as thermophilous oak forest Quercetum pubescentipetraeae in the forest-steppe Bielinek Reserve (NW Poland). Our aims were to assess: (1) the ability of this species to adapt to extremely dry sites, as a pioneer woody plant; (2) its phytosociological position; and (3) morphological variation and genetic diversity of the local population. The pear trees in Bielinek Reserve seem to reach an optimum in shrub communities of the class Rhamno-Prunetea, but tree age clearly indicates that the grasslands were colonized by wild pear trees already before the shrub communities developed. This indicates that P. pyraster can colonize very dry, eroded sites, such as steep sunny slopes covered by xerothermic grasslands. Wild pear trees form plant communities that are a seral stage followed by forest-shrub communities or thermophilous forests. The species in xerothermic shrub communities of the reserve shows a high constancy. It is also very resistant to extreme temperatures, insolation, drought, and erosion. Its tree-ring width (on average 1.1 mm per year) was strongly related to precipitation and temperature in spring and summer. High precipitation resulted in wider tree rings, while dry years (associated with high air temperature) caused a decrease in tree-ring width. Another significant factor is precipitation in winter, which had a positive influence on tree-ring width. Microsatellite markers revealed a high level of genetic diversity in this population. Our results suggest that wild pear can be recommended for afforestation of areas affected by droughts and disturbed sites in Central Europe. It can be used to increase the heterogeneity of the landscape, e.g. by creation of forest ecotones and for planting along roads and field margins, especially considering the predicted climate change.
3

Ecohydrological principles to underpin the restoration of Cyperus papyrus at Lake Naivasha, Kenya

100%
Morrison E. H. J., Harper D. M.
International Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology
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2009
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tom 09
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nr 1
Degradation of C. papyrus (papyrus) at Lake Naivasha is the result of a combination of lowered lake levels and destruction by large grazing mammals, buffalo and cattle, followed by several smaller species, in addition to more limited direct human clearance. Restoration of papyrus is considered to be of great importance for the future sustainability of the lake ecosystem. Two different interventions for papyrus (wetland) restoration have been proposed: one located around the delta of the Malewa river, based on ecohydrological principles, the other on land adjacent to the Gilgil river, adopting more of an ecological engineering approach. Both interventions are ecologically feasible. However, the principal limitations of both projects relate to anthropogenic factors and, in this respect, restoration of the Gilgil river is regarded as the more feasible of the two proposals at the present time. Future action should facilitate the involvement of local communities in any restoration projects at Lake Naivasha, with particular emphasis placed on the development of economic goods derivable from papyrus swamps.
4

Public perceptions of papyrus: community appraisal of wetland ecosystem services at Lake Naivasha, Kenya

100%
Morrison E. H. J., Upton C., Pacini N., Odhiambo-K'oyooh K., Harper D. M.
International Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology
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2013
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tom 13
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nr 2
5
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Assessment of habitat conditions using Self-Organizing Feature Maps for reintroduction/introduction of Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. in Poland

80%
Kosiba P., Mroz L., Kaminski R.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
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2011
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tom 80
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nr 2
The study objects were Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., an endangered species and fifty five water sites in Poland. The aim of the present work was to test the Self-Organizing Feature Map in order to examine and predict water properties and type of trophicity for restoration of the rare plant. Descriptive statistical parameters have been calculated, analysis of variance and cluster analysis were carried out and SOFM model has been constructed for analysed sites. The results of SOFM model and cluster analysis were compared. The study revealed that the ordination of individuals and groups of neurons in topological map of sites are similar in relation to dendrogram of cluster analysis, but not identical. The constructed SOFM model is related with significantly different contents of chemical water properties and type of trophicity. It appeared that sites with A. vesiculosa are predominantly distrophic and eutrophic waters shifted to distrophicity. The elevated model showed the sites with chemical properties favourable for restoration the species. Determined was the range of ecological tolerance of the species in relation to habitat conditions as stenotopic or relatively stenotopic in respect of the earlier accepted eutrophic status. The SOFM appeared to be a useful technique for ordination of ecological data and provides a novel framework for the discovery and forecasting of ecosystem properties constituting a validation of the SOFM method in this type of studies.
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