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The first part of the Baltic Sea ecohydrodynamic model, based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), was validated by long-term observations of sea level, salinity and water temperature fluctuations. The modelled sea surface temperature (SST) fields were also compared to satellite images – satisfactory correlation coefficients were obtained. The model bias and efficiency coefficients of the modelled variables in relation to the observed values were determined. The quality of model simulations in relation to measured values was estimated with respect to spatial and seasonal variability in shallow and deep coastal waters as well as in the open sea. The results indicated the high quality of simulations by the hydrodynamic model.
The ecohydrodynamic model for the Baltic Sea consists of two interacting parts: one describes the hydrodynamics of the water (3HD), the other organic matter production and destruction (ProDeMo).The results of the simulation were validated.The modelled processes were compared with direct observations, which demonstrated the recurrence of cycles, from the spring diatom blooms through the summer depletion of nutrient salts and algal blooms, to autumn blooms of diatoms and the subsequent destruction of organic matter, and intensified mineralisation of detritus in winter.Ca libration yielded a set of coefficients complementing the algorithm of equations describing the production and destruction of organic matter in the coastal zone.V erification of the model has demonstrated that in multi-year simulations it is stable and also that it follows the laws of conservation of mass and energy.T he third procedural stage of the model investigation was validation, in which statistical measures in the form of bias, correlation coefficients and effectiveness between simulations and observations not used in calibration describe the quality of ecohydrodynamic modelling in southern Baltic Sea waters.
Numerical simulation experiments with a high-resolution circulation model were carried out to study nutrient transport from different depths to the surface 10-m layer during an upwelling event along the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland in July 1999. The initial nutrient distribution is based on field measurements performed in the north-western part of the Gulf. Wind forcing covering the period of the upwelling along the northern coast was turned through 180◦ to simulate an upwelling along the southern coast. The simulation results showed that the main phosphorus transport to the upper 10-m layer occurred from depths shallower than 30 m for the upwelling events along both the northern and the southern coasts. Nitrogen transport to the upper 10-m layer was the largest from depths of 40–55 m for the upwelling along the northern and 40–65 m for the upwelling along the southern coast. Simulated cumulative volume transports to the upper 10-m layer from different depths showed that the contribution from deeper layers was larger in the case of the upwelling along the southern coast. The reduction of wind stress had a bigger influence on water transport from the deeper layers.
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