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A dynamics model for nutrients was coupled with a one-dimensional physical and biological upper layer model to simulate the temporal changes not only in distributions of a nutrient but then of phytoplankton and zooplankton and study the role of these biological characteristics in the dynamics of the Gdańsk Gulf ecosystem. The 1D model consists of three submodels: a meteorological submodel for the physics of the upper layer and a biological submodel, which also is driven by output from the physical submodel. The biological upper layer model {nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus} incorporates formulations of the primary production mechanism and of the remineralization mechanisms within the mixed layer, in the lower layers and at the bottom as well as of the daily migration of zooplankton mechanism. The model is based on total inorganic nitrogen (NO3+NO2+NH4) and phosphate (PO4). The calculations were made for 180 days (from March to August) for two stations at Gdańsk Gulf (at station A, near the Vistula river mouth, and at station B, located further to the open sea). The results of the numerical investigations described here were compared with the mean observed values of characteristics investigated for 10 years, 1990-2000. Comparison of computed and measured values shows the model reproduces the time-vertical structure of characteristics investigated in accordance with the in situ observations. The numerical simulations shown that the differences between the simulated and mean observed values of nutrient in the upper layer are c. 1 mmol m⁻³ for total inorganic nitrogen and 0.1 mmol m-3 for phosphate. The slight differences between the calculated and observed values of surface chlorophyll-a and microzooplankton biomass are ca. 5-20%, depending on the location of the hydrographic station and the month for which the calculations were made. The model can be used to describe the temporal patterns for nutrients distributions and phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass.
The article presents results of the development of models of the dynamics of the informatively-administrative architectures of the enterprises of the coal industry. Models are in the form of the finite-state machine and the iteration scheme. Elementary transformations are the basis of models. Models of dynamics allow will build a model of forecast of development of the IAA.
The participation of stakeholders is an important component in integrated and adaptive watershed planning and management. In Quebec, Canada watershed organizations are in the process of implementing participatory based watershed planning and management schemes. However, there is a lack of simple and readily implementable frameworks and methods to explicitly involve stakeholders, as well as integrate physical and social processes, in watershed planning and management in Quebec. This paper describes the application of the first three stages of a newly proposed five stage stepwise Participatory Model Building framework that was developed to help facilitate the participatory investigation of problems in watershed planning and management through the use of qualitative system dynamics models. In the agriculturally intensive Du Chene watershed in Québec, eight individual stakeholder interviews were conducted in cooperation with the local watershed organization to develop qualitative system dynamics models that represent the main physical and social processes in the Du Chene watershed. The proposed Participatory Model Building framework was found to be accessible for all the interviewees, and was deemed to be very useful by the watershed organization to develop an overview of the different perspectives of the main stakeholders in the watershed, as well as to help develop watershed policies and strategies. The individual qualitative system dynamics models developed in this study can subsequently be converted into an overall group built system dynamics model (describing the socio-economic-political components of the watershed), which in turn can be quantified and coupled with a physically based model such as HEC-HMS or SWAT (describing the physical components of the watershed).
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